@conference {4956,
	title = {Simulation Based Evaluation of Security and Resilience in Railway Infrastructure (Poster)},
	booktitle = {Symposium and Bootcamp for the Science of Security (HotSoS)},
	year = {2019},
	month = {04/2019},
	address = {Nashville, TN},
	author = {Bradley Potteiger and Abdel-Aziz, Hamzah and Neema, Himanshu and Koutsoukos, Xenofon}
}
@conference {4946,
	title = {Simulation Integration Platforms for Cyber-Physical Systems},
	booktitle = {The First Workshop on Design Automation for CPS and IoT (DESTION 2019)},
	year = {2019},
	month = {04/2019},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {Montreal, Canada},
	abstract = {Simulation-based analysis is essential in the model-based design process of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). Since heterogeneity is inherent to CPS, virtual prototyping of CPS designs and the simulation of their behavior in various environments typically involve a number of physical and computation/communication domains interacting with each other. Affordability of the model-based design process makes the use of existing domain-specific modeling and simulation tools all but mandatory. However, this pressure establishes the requirement for integrating the domain-specific models and simulators into a semantically consistent and efficient system-of-system simulation. The focus of the paper is the interoperability of popular integration platforms supporting heterogeneous multi-model simulations. We examine the relationship among three existing platforms: the High-Level Architecture (HLA)-based CPS Wind Tunnel (CPSWT), mosaik, and the Functional Mockup Unit (FMU). We discuss approaches to establish interoperability and present results of ongoing work in the context of an example.},
	keywords = {co-simulation, Cyber-Physical Systems, distributed simulation, execution-integration, model integration, modeling and simulation, simulation integration platforms, tool-integration},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu and Sztipanovits, Janos and Steinbrink, Cornelius and Raub, Thomas and Cornelsen, Bastian and Lehnhoff, Sebastian}
}
@conference {4929,
	title = {Metrics-Driven Evaluation of Cybersecurity for Critical Railway Infrastructure},
	booktitle = {IEEE Resilience Week},
	year = {2018},
	month = {08/2018},
	address = {Denver, Colorado},
	abstract = {In the past couple of years, railway infrastructure has been growing more connected, resembling more of a traditional Cyber-Physical System model. Due to the tightly coupled nature between the cyber and physical domains, new attack vectors are emerging that create an avenue for remote hijacking of system components not designed to withstand such attacks. As such, best practice cybersecurity techniques need to be put in place to ensure the safety and resiliency of future railway designs, as well as infrastructure already in the field. However, traditional large-scale experimental evaluation that involves evaluating a large set of variables by running a design of experiments (DOE) may not always be practical and might not provide conclusive results. In addition, to achieve scalable experimentation, the modeling abstractions, simulation configurations, and experiment scenarios must be designed according to the analysis goals of the evaluations. Thus, it is useful to target a set of key operational metrics for evaluation and configure and extend the traditional DOE methods using these metrics. In this work, we present a metrics-driven evaluation approach for evaluating the security and resilience of railway critical infrastructure using a distributed simulation framework. A case study with experiment results is provided that demonstrates the capabilities of our testbed.},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu and Bradley Potteiger and Xenofon D. Koutsoukos and CheeYee Tang and Keith Stouffer}
}
@conference {4871,
	title = {Integrated Simulation Testbed for Security and Resilience of CPS},
	booktitle = {The 33rd ACM Symposium on Applied Computing - Cyber-Physical Systems Track},
	year = {2018},
	month = {04/2018},
	publisher = {ACM},
	organization = {ACM},
	address = {Pau, France},
	abstract = {Owing  to an immense growth of internet-connected and learning-enabled cyber-physical systems (CPSs) [1], several new types of attack vectors have emerged. Analyzing security and resilience of these complex CPSs is difficult as it requires evaluating many subsystems and factors in an integrated manner. Integrated simulation of physical systems and communication network can provide an underlying framework for creating a reusable and configurable testbed for such analyses. Using a model-based integration approach and the IEEE High-Level Architecture (HLA) [2] based distributed simulation software; we have created a testbed for integrated evaluation of large-scale CPS systems. Our tested supports web-based collaborative metamodeling and modeling of CPS system and experiments and a cloud computing environment for executing integrated networked co-simulations. A modular and extensible cyber-attack library enables validating the CPS under a variety of configurable cyber-attacks, such as DDoS and integrity attacks. Hardware-in-the-loop simulation is also supported along with several hardware attacks. Further, a scenario modeling language allows modeling of alternative paths for what-if scenarios. These capabilities make our testbed well suited for analyzing security and resilience of CPS. In addition, the web-based modeling and cloud-hosted execution infrastructure enables one to exercise the entire testbed using simply a web-browser, with integrated live experimental results display.},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu and Bradley Potteiger and Xenofon Kousoukos and Karsai, Gabor and Volgyesi, Peter and Sztipanovits Janos}
}
@conference {4908,
	title = {Towards a Design Studio for Collaborative Modeling and Co-Simulations of Mixed Electrical Energy Systems},
	booktitle = {Third International Workshop on Science of Smart City Operations and Platforms Engineering (SCOPE)},
	year = {2018},
	month = {04/2018},
	address = {Porto, Portugal},
	abstract = {Despite the known benefits of simulations in the study of mixed energy systems in the context of smart grid, the lack of collaboration facilities between multiple domain experts prevents a holistic analysis of smart grid operations. Current solutions do not provide a unified tool-chain that supports a secure and collaborative platform for not only the modeling and simulation of mixed electrical energy systems, but also the elastic execution of co-simulation experiments. To address above limitations, this paper proposes a design studio that provides an online collaborative platform for modeling and simulation of smart grids with mixed energy resources.},
	keywords = {cloud computing, Co-Simulations, Collaborative Work, Computer Simulation, Cyber-Physical Systems, Distributed Simulations, Docker, Experimental Testbed, high-level architecture, Model-Driven Engineering, Modeling, Power System Simulation, Smart-Grid, Systems Simulation},
	author = {Barve, Yogesh and Neema, Himanshu and Rees, Stephen and Sztipanovits, Janos}
}
@mastersthesis {4925,
	title = {Large-Scale Integration of Heterogeneous Simulations},
	volume = {PhD Dissertation},
	year = {2018},
	month = {01/2018},
	school = {Vanderbilt University},
	address = {Nashville, TN},
	abstract = {Systems-of-Systems (SoS) are composed of several interacting and interdependent systems that necessitate the integration of complex, heterogeneous models that represent the ensemble from different points of view, such as organizational workflows, cyber infrastructure, and various engineering or physical domains. These models are complex and require different dynamic simulators to compute their behavior over time. Thus, evaluation of SoS as-a-whole necessitates integration of these heterogeneous simulators. This is highly challenging because it requires integrating both the heterogeneous system models with different semantics and concepts from different system domains (physical, computational, or human), and the heterogeneous system simulators that use different time-stepping and event handling methods. Further, real-world SoS simulation and experimentation requires a comprehensive framework for integration modeling, efficient model and system composition, parametric experiments, run-time deployment, simulation control, scenario-based experimentation, and system analysis.

This dissertation presents a model-based integration approach for integrating large-scale heterogeneous simulations. The approach is illustrated by developing a generic simulation integration and experimentation framework called the Command and Control Wind Tunnel (C2WT). It allows modeling systems with their interdependencies as well as connecting and relating the corresponding heterogeneous simulators in a logically and temporally coherent manner. Its generalizable methods and tools enable rapid synthesis of industry standards based integrated simulations. For real-world integrated simulation experiments, several novel techniques are presented such as mapping methods for integrating legacy components that cannot directly interface with SoS-level data models, a generic cyber communication network simulation component that can be reused for different SoSs, a reusable cyber-attack library for evaluating SoS{\textquoteright} security and resilience against cyber threats, and modeling and orchestration of alternative what-if scenarios for SoS evaluations. Further, for efficient simulation of complex dynamical models that exhibit different rate dynamics in different parts, a partitioning method is developed to split them into different sampling rate groups. In addition, a novel approach is presented for ontology based model composition. In-depth case studies are also provided to demonstrate the effectiveness of the overall integration approach.

https://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-01172018-232437/unrestricted/Neema.pdf},
	url = {https://etd.library.vanderbilt.edu/available/etd-01172018-232437/unrestricted/Neema.pdf},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu}
}
@conference {4880,
	title = {Universal CPS Environment for Federation (UCEF)},
	booktitle = {2018 Winter Simulation Innovation Workshop},
	year = {2018},
	month = {01/2018},
	publisher = {Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO)},
	organization = {Simulation Interoperability Standards Organization (SISO)},
	address = {Orlando, FL},
	abstract = {NIST, in collaboration with Vanderbilt University, has assembled an open-source tool set for designing and implementing federated, collaborative and interactive experiments with cyber-physical systems (CPS). These capabilities are used in our research on CPS at scale for Smart Grid, Smart Transportation, IoT and Smart Cities. This tool set, "Universal CPS Environment for Federation (UCEF)," includes a virtual machine (VM) to house the development environment, a graphical experiment designer, a model repository, and an initial set of integrated tools including the ability to compose Java, C++, MATLABTM, OMNeT++, GridLAB-D, and LabVIEWTM based federates into consolidated experiments. The experiments themselves are orchestrated using a {\textquoteleft}federation manager federate,{\textquoteright} and progressed using courses of action (COA) experiment descriptions. UCEF utilizes a method of uniformly wrapping federates into a federation. The UCEF VM is an integrated toolset for creating and running these experiments and uses High Level Architecture (HLA) Evolved to facilitate the underlying messaging and experiment orchestration. Our paper introduces the requirements and implementation of the UCEF technology and indicates how we intend to use it in CPS Measurement Science.},
	keywords = {Cyber-Physical Systems, federated testbeds, high level architecture (HLA), Internet of Things, testbed science},
	author = {Martin Burns and Thomas Roth and Edward Griffor and Paul Boynton and Sztipanovits Janos and Neema, Himanshu}
}
@inbook {4872,
	title = {Simulation-Based Analysis of Cyber Resilience in Cyber-Physical Systems},
	booktitle = {Cyber Resilience of Networks and Systems},
	year = {2018},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	author = {Karsai, Gabor and Xenofon Kousoukos and Neema, Himanshu and Volgyesi, Peter and Sztipanovits Janos}
}
@conference {4878,
	title = {SURE: A Modeling and Simulation Integration Platform for Evaluation of Secure and Resilient Cyber-Physical Systems (Poster)},
	booktitle = {Computational Cybersecurity for Compromised Environments (C3E)},
	year = {2017},
	month = {10/2017},
	address = {Atlanta, GA},
	author = {Bradley Potteiger and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Karsai, Gabor and Aron Laszka and Neema, Himanshu and Volgyesi, Peter and Yevgeniy Vorobeychik and Sztipanovits, Janos}
}
@conference {4870,
	title = {Evaluating the effects of cyber-attacks on cyber physical systems using a hardware-in-the-loop simulation testbed},
	booktitle = {Resilience Week (RWS)},
	year = {2017},
	month = {09/2017},
	pages = {177-183},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {Wilmington, DE},
	abstract = {Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) consist of embedded computers with sensing and actuation capability, and are integrated into and tightly coupled with a physical system. Because the physical and cyber components of the system are tightly coupled, cyber-security is important for ensuring the system functions properly and safely. However, the effects of a cyberattack on the whole system may be difficult to determine, analyze, and therefore detect and mitigate. This work presents a model based software development framework integrated with a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) testbed for rapidly deploying CPS attack experiments. The framework provides the ability to emulate low level attacks and obtain platform specific performance measurements that are difficult to obtain in a traditional simulation environment. The framework improves the cybersecurity design process which can become more informed and customized to the production environment of a CPS. The developed framework is illustrated with a case study of a railway transportation system.},
	keywords = {actuation capability, Analytical models, Computational modeling, Computer architecture, Computer security, CPS attack experiments, cyber components, cyber physical systems, cyber-attack effect evaluation, cyber-physical system, Cyber-Physical Systems, cybersecurity design process, embedded computers, embedded systems, Experimentation, Hardware, hardware-in-the loop simulation, Hardware-in-the-Loop, hardware-in-the-loop simulation testbed, HIL testbed, model based software development framework, Model Integrated Computing, physical components, physical system, platform specific performance measurements, railway transportation system, resilience, security of data, simulation environment, Software, software engineering, system functions, Testbed, Vulnerability Assessment},
	doi = {10.1109/RWEEK.2017.8088669},
	url = {http://www.ieeeexplore.ws/stamp/stamp.jsp?tp=\&arnumber=8088669\&isnumber=8088637},
	author = {Bradley Potteiger and William A. Emfinger and Neema, Himanshu and Xenofon Kousoukos and CheeYee Tang and Keith Stouffer}
}
@proceedings {4883,
	title = {Model-driven Automated Deployment of Large-scale CPS Co-simulations in the Cloud},
	journal = { MODELS 2017 Satellite Event: Posters co-located with {ACM/IEEE} 20th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems},
	year = {2017},
	month = {09/2017},
	pages = {463{\textendash}464},
	address = {Austin,TX,USA},
	abstract = {With increasing advances in Internet-enabled devices, large cyber-physical
systems (CPS) are being realized by integrating several sub-systems
together.  Analyzing and reasoning different properties of such CPS requires
co-simulations by composing individual and heterogeneous simulators,
each of which addresses only certain aspects of the CPS.  Often these
co-simulations are realized as point solutions or composed in an ad
hoc manner, which makes it hard to reuse, maintain and evolve these
co-simulations. Although our prior work on a model-based framework
called Command and Control Wind Tunnel (C2WT) supports distributed
co-simulations, many challenges remain unresolved.  For instance,
evaluating these complex CPSs requires large amount of computational
and I/O resources for which the cloud is an attractive option yet
there is a general lack of scientific approaches to deploy
co-simulations in the cloud.  In this context, the key challenges
include (i) rapid provisioning and de-provisioning of experimental
resources in the cloud for different co-simulation workloads, (ii)
simulating incompatibility and resource violations, (iii) reliable
execution of co-simulation experiments, and (iv) reproducible
experiments.  Our solution builds upon the C2WT heterogeneous
simulation integration technology and leverages the Docker container
technology to provide a model-driven integrated tool-suite for
specifying experiment and resource requirements, and deploying
repeatable cloud-scale experiments. In this work, we present the core
concepts and architecture of our framework, and provide a summary of
our current work in addressing these challenges. 
},
	url = {http://ceur-ws.org/Vol-2019/posters_1.pdf},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/posters_1.pdf},
	author = {Barve, Yogesh and Neema, Himanshu and Aniruddha S. Gokhale and Sztipanovits, Janos}
}
@conference {4881,
	title = {Model-driven Automated Deployment of Large-scale CPS Co-simulations in the Cloud (poster)},
	booktitle = {ACM/IEEE 20th International Conference on Model Driven Engineering Languages and Systems},
	year = {2017},
	month = {09/2017},
	address = {Austin, TX},
	author = {Barve, Yogesh and Neema, Himanshu and Aniruddha Gokhale and Sztipanovits Janos}
}
@conference {4879,
	title = {Towards an automated deployment framework for large-scale CPS co-simulations in the cloud (poster)},
	booktitle = {1st Cyber-Physical Systems Symposium},
	year = {2017},
	month = {07/2017},
	address = {Begaluru, India},
	abstract = {With increasing advances in Internet-enabled devices, large cyber-physical systems (CPS) are being realized by integrating several sub-systems together. Analyzing and reasoning different properties of such CPS requires co-simulations by composing individual and heterogeneous simulators, each of which addresses only certain aspects of the CPS. Often these co-simulations are realized as point solutions or composed in an ad hoc manner, which makes it hard to reuse, maintain and evolve these co-simulations. Although our prior work on a model-based framework called Command and Control Wind Tunnel (C2WT) supports distributed co-simulations, many challenges remain unresolved. For instance, evaluating these complex CPSs require large amount of computational and I/O resources for which the cloud is an attractive option but there is a general lack of scientific approaches to deploy co-simulations in the cloud. Specifically, the key challenges include (i) rapid provisioning and de-provisioning of experimental resources in cloud for different co-simulation workloads, (ii) simulating incompatibility and resource violations, (iii) reliable execution of co-simulation experiments, and (iv) reproducible experiments. Our solution builds upon the C2WT heterogeneous simulation integration technology and leverages Linux container mechanism to provide an integrated tool-suite for specifying experiment and resource requirements, and deploying repeatable cloud-scale experiments. In this work, we present the core concepts and architecture of our framework, and provide a summary of our current work in addressing these challenges.},
	author = {Barve, Yogesh and Neema, Himanshu and Aniruddha Gokhale and Sztipanovits Janos}
}
@conference {4821,
	title = {Cyber-Physical System Development Environment for Energy Applications},
	booktitle = {ASME Power and Energy Conference 2017},
	year = {2017},
	month = {06/2017},
	address = {Charlotte, USA},
	abstract = {Cyber-physical systems (CPS) are smart systems that include engineered interacting networks of physical and computational components. The tight integration of a wide range of heterogeneous components enables new functionality and quality of life improvements in critical infrastructures such as smart cities, intelligent buildings, and smart energy systems. One approach to study CPS uses both simulations and hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) to test the physical dynamics of hardware in a controlled environment. However, because CPS experiment design may involve domain experts from multiple disciplines who use different simulation tool suites, it can be a challenge to integrate the heterogeneous simulation languages and hardware interfaces into a single experiment. The National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) is working on the development of a universal CPS environment for federation (UCEF) that can be used to design and run experiments that incorporate heterogeneous physical and computational resources over a wide geographic area. This development environment uses the High Level Architecture (HLA), which the Department of Defense has advocated for co-simulation in the field of distributed simulations, to enable communication between hardware and different simulation languages such as Simulink and LabVIEW. This paper provides an overview of UCEF and motivates how the environment could be used to develop energy experiments using an illustrative example of an emulated heat pump system.},
	author = {Thomas Roth and Eugene Song and Martin Burns and Neema, Himanshu and Emfinger, William and Janos Szipanovits}
}
@article {koutsoukos_sure,
	title = {SURE: A Modeling and Simulation Integration Platform for Evaluation of SecUre and REsilient Cyber-Physical Systems},
	journal = {Proceedings of the IEEE},
	year = {2017},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	author = {Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Karsai, Gabor and Aron Laszka and Neema, Himanshu and Bradley Potteiger and Volgyesi, Peter and Yevgeniy Vorobeychik and Sztipanovits, Janos}
}
@inbook {4822,
	title = {Transit Hub: A Smart Decision Support System for Public Transit Operations},
	booktitle = {Internet of Things and Data Analytics Handbook (ed. Hwaiyu Geng)},
	series = {John Wiley \& Sons},
	year = {2017},
	edition = {1st},
	chapter = {36},
	address = {Hoboken, NJ},
	abstract = {This article presents an overview of the collaborative Transit Hub project between Vanderbilt University, the Nashville Metropolitan Transit Authority (MTA) and Siemens, Corporate Technology. This project commenced as part of the NIST Global Cities Team Challenge (GCTC) . The goal of this project is to leverage technology effectively to improve public engagement with transit operations and increase the overall efficiency of the system. In the process we want to identify key technical challenges that will require new research to advance the state of the art.},
	issn = {9781119173649},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/c36.pdf},
	author = {Shekhar, Shashank and Sun, Fangzhou and Dubey, Abhishek and Aniruddha Gokhale and Neema, Himanshu and Lehofer, Martin and Dan Freudberg}
}
@conference {4860,
	title = {An Experimentation and Evaluation Testbed for Security and Resilience of CPS (Poster)},
	booktitle = {CPS PI Meeting},
	year = {2016},
	month = {11/2016},
	address = {Arlington, VA},
	author = {Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Neema, Himanshu and Bradley Potteiger and Volgyesi, Peter}
}
@conference {4771,
	title = {Performance Evaluation of Secure Industrial Control System Design: A Railway Control System Case Study},
	booktitle = {4th International Symposium on Resilient Cyber Systems},
	year = {2016},
	month = {08/2016},
	address = {Chicago, IL},
	abstract = {Industrial control systems (ICS) are composed of sensors, actuators, control processing units, and communication devices all interconnected to provide monitoring and control capabilities. Due to the integral role of the networking infrastructure, such systems are vulnerable to cyber attacks. In-depth consideration of security and resilience and their effects to system performance are very important. This paper focuses on railway control systems (RCS), an important and potentially vulnerable class of ICS, and presents a simulation integration platform that enables (1) Modeling and simulation including realistic models of cyber and physical components and their interactions, as well as operational scenarios that can be used or evaluations of cybersecurity risks and mitigation measures and (2) Evaluation of performance impact and security assessment of mitigation mechanisms focusing on authentication mechanisms and firewalls. The approach is demonstrated using simulation results from a realistic RCS case study.},
	author = {Xenofon Kousoukos and Neema, Himanshu and Goncalo Martins and Sajal Bhatia and Sztipanovits Janos and Keith Stouffer and CheeYee Tang and Richard Candell}
}
@conference {4766,
	title = {A Reusable and Extensible Web-Based Co-Simulation Platform for Transactive Energy Systems},
	booktitle = {3rd International Transactive Energy Systems},
	year = {2016},
	month = {05/2016},
	publisher = {GridWise{\textregistered} Architecture Council },
	organization = {GridWise{\textregistered} Architecture Council },
	address = {Portland, Oregon},
	abstract = {Rapid evolution of energy generation technology and increased used of distributed energy resources (DER) is continually pushing utilities to adapt and evolve business models to align with these changes. Today, more consumers are also producing energy using green generation technologies and energy pricing is becoming rather competitive and transactional, needing utilities to increase flexibility of grid operations and incorporate transactive energy systems (TES). However, a huge bottleneck is to ensure stable grid operations while gaining efficiency. A comprehensive platform is therefore needed for grid-scale multi-aspects integrated evaluations. For instance, cyber-attacks in a road traffic controller{\textquoteright}s communication network can subtly divert electric vehicles in a particular area, causing surge in the grid loads due to increased EV charging and people activity, which can potentially disrupt, an otherwise robust, grid. To evaluate such a scenario, multiple special-purpose simulators (e.g., SUMO, OMNeT++, GridlabD, etc.) must be run in an integrated manner. To support this, we are developing a cloud-deployed web- and model-based simulation integration platform that enables integrated evaluations of transactive energy systems and is highly extensible and customizable for utility-specific custom simulation tools.},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu and Emfinger, William and Dubey, Abhishek}
}
@conference {4756,
	title = {C2WT-TE: A Model-Based Open Platform for Integrated Simulations of Transactive Smart Grids},
	booktitle = {2016 Workshop on Modeling and Simulation of Cyber-Physical Energy Systems},
	year = {2016},
	month = {04/2016},
	address = {Vienna, Austria},
	abstract = {Evaluation of the smart grid in the presence of dynamic market-based pricing and complex networks of small and large producers, consumers, and distributers is a very difficult task. It not only involves multiple, interacting, heterogeneous cyber-physical domains, but also requires tight integration of power markets, dynamic pricing and transactions, and price-sensitive consumer behavior, where consumers can also be producers of power. These dynamics introduce a huge challenge of maintaining stability of the power grid. Moreover, evolving business models and regulatory environment, including human factors need to be a key part of the evaluation as they directly affect the demand-response in the grid. Furthermore, as sensors and computations are becoming more distributed on edge devices and as they often employ normal communication channels, cyber security of the critical power grid infrastructure has become ever more important to prevent cyber intrusions and attacks. Current research has largely focused on one or a few of these challenges and the simulation tools developed cater to these individual tasks, such as network simulators, power distribution simulators, or human organization and policy simulators. However, to attain a deeper understanding of the transactive grid behavior, analysis of grid stability, and to optimize resources both from consumers{\textquoteright} and generators{\textquoteright} perspective, a comprehensive platform is needed to facilitate end-to-end evaluation of all of these aspects. This paper describes an open platform that provides a coherent framework for integrated transactive energy simulations of smart grids and is readily customizable and extensible for various simulation tools.},
	keywords = {cyber-physical system, heterogeneous simulation, high-level architecture, model-based integration, modeling and simulation, smart grid, transactive energy},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu and Sztipanovits, Janos and Martin Burns and Edward Griffor}
}
@conference {4757,
	title = {SURE: An Experimentation and Evaluation Testbed for CPS Security and Resilience},
	booktitle = {7th International Conference on Cyber-Physical Systems (ICCPS) },
	year = {2016},
	month = {04/2016},
	address = {Vienna, Austria},
	abstract = {In-depth consideration and evaluation of security and resilience is necessary for developing the scientific foundations and technology of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS). In this demonstration, we present SURE [1], a CPS experimentation and evaluation testbed for security and resilience focusing on transportation networks. The testbed includes (1) a heterogeneous modeling and simulation integration platform, (2) a Web-based tool for modeling CPS in adversarial environments, and (3) a framework for evaluating resilience using attacker-defender games. Users such as CPS designers and operators can interact with the testbed to evaluate monitoring and control schemes that include sensor placement and traffic signal configuration.},
	keywords = {Cyber-Physical Systems, resilience, security, simulation integration},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu and Volgyesi, Peter and Bradley Potteiger and Emfinger, William and Xenofon Kousoukos and Karsai, Gabor and Yevgeniy Vorobeychik and Sztipanovits Janos}
}
@booklet {4759,
	title = {SURE: An Experimentation and Evaluation Testbed for Security and Resilience of CPS (Poster)},
	year = {2016},
	month = {02/2016},
	address = {Science of Security Quarterly Lablet Meeting, Raleigh, NC},
	author = {Bradley Potteiger and Volgyesi, Peter and Neema, Himanshu and Yevgeniy Vorobeychik and Aron Laszka and Xenofon Kousoukos}
}
@booklet {4758,
	title = {Resilient traffic light control (Poster)},
	year = {2015},
	month = {10/2015},
	address = {Science of Security Quarterly Lablet Meeting, College Park, MD},
	author = {Bradley Potteiger and Volgyesi, Peter and Neema, Himanshu and Yevgeniy Vorobeychik and Aron Laszka and Xenofon Kousoukos}
}
@article {4706,
	title = {Next-Generation Command and Control Wind Tunnel for Courses of Action Simulation},
	number = {ISIS-15-119},
	year = {2015},
	month = {05/2015},
	institution = {Institute for Software-Integrated Systems, Vanderbilt University},
	address = {Nashville},
	abstract = {The increasing complexity and heterogeneity of operations necessitate the use of sophisticated planning tools and processes that allow the rapid evaluation of alternative Courses of Action (COA) to give feedback to planners. As the domain of Air Force operations extends across air, space, and cyberspace, the performance of existing processes and their supporting computational tools is not meeting the operators{\textquoteright} needs. COA evaluation should be rapid, allowing fast planning and change cycles. While raw computational power is becoming readily available and connectivity is improving, software tools that allow the effective harnessing of that power are lagging behind. Simulation-based evaluation of COAs is complex, as it involves multiple, heterogeneous domains, each with its own tools and simulations.  The configuration and integration of these simulations into a coherent framework, namely, a federation of simulations, is a very difficult, time-consuming, labor-intensive, and error-prone task. Consequently, COA evaluation cannot be done rapidly and in a timely manner to provide answers to the planners.  Because a COA has to be tested against a number of scenarios and situations, at most one COA with some minor variants is analyzed. The problem becomes more acute as the focus is shifting to integrated C2 where several COAs developed by different Command Centers (e.g., the different command centers for Air, Space, and Cyber Operations) have to be integrated and the result evaluated. Designing and efficiently deploying such a computational resource on a high-performance computing platform is a major challenge. In the course of the work described in this report, our team has devised, designed, constructed, and demonstrated a novel software framework and tool environment to support the evaluation of operational sequences that are prepared by and derived from COA by human experts.},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/ngc2wt-report.pdf},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu and Karsai, Gabor and Alexander Levis}
}
@article {4688,
	title = {Architecture Exploration in the META Toolchain},
	number = {ISIS-15-105},
	year = {2015},
	address = {Nashville},
	issn = {ISIS-15-105},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Architecture Exploration in the META Toolchain.pdf},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu and Neema, Sandeep and Bapty, Ted}
}
@conference {4635,
	title = {Design Space Exploration and Manipulation for Cyber Physical Systems},
	booktitle = {IFIP First International Workshop on Design Space Exploration of Cyber-Physical Systems (IDEAL{\textquoteright} 2014)},
	year = {2014},
	month = {04/2014},
	publisher = {Springer},
	organization = {Springer},
	address = {Berlin, Germany},
	abstract = {Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) are engineered systems that require tight interaction between physical and computational components. Designing a CPS is highly challenging because these systems are inherently complex, need significant effort to describe and evaluate a vast set of cross-disciplinary interactions, and require seamless meshing of physical elements with corresponding software artifacts. Moreover, a large set of architectural and compositional alternatives must be systematically explored and evaluated in the context of a highly constrained design space. The constraints imposed on the se-lection of alternatives are derived from the system{\textquoteright}s functional, performance, dimensional, physical, and economical objectives. Furthermore, the design pro-cess of these systems is highly iterative and requires continuous integration of design generation with design selection and manipulation supported by design analyses. To enable the iterative design process for CPS-s, we have developed a design toolchain, OpenMETA, built around a Domain-Specific Modeling Language (DSML), called the Cyber-Physical Modeling Language (Cy-PhyML). In this paper, we present parts OpenMETA that address the require-ments of Design Space Exploration and Manipulation (DSEM) for CPS-s.},
	keywords = {AVM},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Himanshu_DSEMForCPS.PDF},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu and Zsolt Lattmann and Patrik Meijer and James Klingler and Neema, Sandeep and Bapty, Ted and Sztipanovits, Janos and Karsai, Gabor}
}
@proceedings {4628,
	title = {Model-Based Integration Platform for FMI Co-Simulation and Heterogeneous Simulations of Cyber-Physical Systems},
	journal = {10th International Modelica Conference},
	volume = {Proceedings of the 10th International Modelica Conference},
	year = {2014},
	month = {03/2014},
	pages = {235-245},
	publisher = {Modelica Association and Linkoping University Electronic Press},
	address = {Lund University, Solvegatan 20A, SE-223 62 LUND, SWEDEN},
	abstract = {Virtual evaluation of complex Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS) [1] with a number of tightly integrated domains such as physical, mechanical, electrical, thermal, cyber, etc. demand the use of heterogeneous simulation environments. Our previous effort with C2 Wind Tunnel (C2WT) [2] [3] attempted to solve the challenges of evaluating these complex systems as-a-whole, by integrating multiple simulation platforms with varying semantics and integrating and managing different simulation models and their interactions. Recently, a great interest has developed to use Functional Mockup Interface (FMI) [4] for a variety of dynamics simulation packages, particularly in the automotive industry. Leveraging the C2WT effort on effective integration of different simulation engines with different Models of Computation (MoCs), we propose, in this paper, to use the proven methods of High-Level Architecture (HLA)-based model and system integration. We identify the challenges of integrating Functional Mockup Unit for Co-Simulation (FMU-CS) in general and via HLA [5] and present a novel model-based approach to rapidly synthesize an effective integration. The approach presented provides a unique opportunity to integrate readily available FMU-CS components with various specialized simulation packages to rapidly synthesize HLA-based integrated simulations for the overall composed Cyber-Physical Systems.},
	keywords = {AVM, Cyber-Physical Systems, distributed simulation, DSML, Functional Mock-up Unit for Co-Simulation, Functional Mockup Interface, heterogeneous simulation, high-level architecture, model-based integration, multi-paradigm modeling},
	isbn = {978-91-7519-380-9},
	url = {https://modelica.org/events/modelica2014/proceedings/html/ProceedingsOfThe10thModelicaConference.pdf},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Neema_H_12_8_2013_Modelica_2014_FMUCS_HLA.PDF},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu and Jesse Gohl and Zsolt Lattmann and Sztipanovits, Janos and Karsai, Gabor and Neema, Sandeep and Bapty, Ted and John Batteh and Hubertus Tummescheit and Chandrasekar Sureshkumar}
}
@conference {4823,
	title = {Towards Automated Exploration and Assembly of Vehicle Design Models},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the ASME 2012 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences \& Computers and Information in Engineering Conference},
	year = {2012},
	month = {08/2012},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/cad_dse_IDETC_CIE_2012_ISIS.pdf},
	author = {Ryan Wrenn and Nagel, Adam and Yao, Di and Robert Owens and Shi, Feng and Joseph Porter and Kevin Smyth and Chris vanBuskirk and Neema, Himanshu and Bapty, Ted and Neema, Sandeep and Sztipanovits, Janos and Johanna Ceisel and Dimitri Mavris}
}
@article {4321,
	title = {Rapid Synthesis of High-Level Architecture-Based Heterogeneous Simulation: A Model-Based Integration Approach},
	journal = {SIMULATION},
	volume = {March 17, 2011 0037549711401950},
	number = {March 17, 2011},
	year = {2011},
	month = {03/2011},
	pages = {16},
	publisher = {Simulation: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International},
	type = {Journal Paper},
	chapter = {1},
	address = {Online},
	abstract = {Virtual evaluation of complex command and control concepts demands the use of heterogeneous simulation environments. Development challenges include how to integrate multiple simulation engines with varying semantics and how to integrate simulation models and manage the complex interactions between them. While existing simulation frameworks may provide many of the required run-time services needed to coordinate among multiple simulation engines, they lack an overarching integration approach that connects and relates the interoperability of heterogeneous domain models and their interactions. This paper outlines some of the challenges encountered in developing a command and control simulation environment and discusses our use of the Generic Modeling Environment tool suite to create a model-based integration approach that allows for rapid synthesis of complex high-level architecture-based simulation environments.},
	keywords = {distributed simulation, domain-specific modeling language, heterogeneous simulation, high-level architecture, model-based integration, multi-paradigm modeling},
	doi = {10.1177/0037549711401950},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/0037549711401950.full_.pdf},
	author = {Graham Hemingway and Neema, Himanshu and Nine, Harmon and Sztipanovits, Janos and Karsai, Gabor}
}
@conference {4202,
	title = {SOAMANET: A Tool for Evaluating Service-Oriented Architectures on Mobile Ad-hoc Networks},
	booktitle = {The 14th IEEE/ACM International Symposium on Distributed Simulation and Real Time Applications (DS-RT 2010)},
	year = {2010},
	month = {10/2010},
	pages = {179-188},
	address = {Fairfax, VA},
	abstract = {Service-Oriented Architectures (SOAs) are increasingly being used for designing and building large-scale networked and distributed systems. Catering to the complex and dynamically varying needs of business applications/clients, these systems must usually be realized by dynamically composing a variety of network-available services. Evaluation of large-scale SOAs, particularly on dynamic network platforms, such as Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANETs), is a non-trivial problem that requires not only a correct modeling of SOAs and the network platform, but also their relationships. This paper describes a new tool {\textendash} SOAMANET {\textendash} to design and rapidly synthesize simulations for the experimental evaluation of SOAs on MANET platforms. With its modeling techniques and analysis capabilities, SOAMANET allows simulationbased and system execution-based analysis of dynamic SOA and/or MANET designs and implementations.},
	keywords = {service-oriented architectures; mobile ad-hoc networks; model-based integration; modeling and simulation; workflow modeling and execution; service discovery},
	isbn = {978-0-7695-4251-5},
	issn = {1550-6525},
	doi = {10.1109/DS-RT.2010.27},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Paper_3.pdf},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu and Anand Kashyap and Kereskenyi, Robert and Xue, Yuan and Karsai, Gabor}
}
@article {4201,
	title = {A Report On Simulating External Applications With SOAMANET in the Loop},
	number = {ISIS-10-108},
	year = {2010},
	month = {08/2010},
	institution = {Insitute For Software Integrated Systems},
	address = {Nashville},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/report.pdf},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu and Dubey, Abhishek and Karsai, Gabor}
}
@conference {4323,
	title = {Simulation of Network Attacks on SCADA Systems},
	booktitle = {First Workshop on Secure Control Systems, Cyber Physical Systems Week 2010},
	year = {2010},
	month = {04/2010},
	abstract = {Network security is a major issue affecting SCADA systems designed and deployed in the last decade. Simulation of network attacks on a SCADA system presents certain challenges, since even a simple SCADA system is composed of models in several domains and simulation environments. Here we demon- strate the use of C2WindTunnel to simulate a plant and its controller, and the Ethernet network that connects them, in different simulation environments. We also simulate DDOS-like attacks on a few of the routers to observe and analyze the effects of a network attack on such a system.},
	url = {http://www.truststc.org/pubs/693.html},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/ScadaSystemsSimulationsUsingC2WT.pdf},
	author = {Rohan Chabukswar and Bruno Sinopoli and Karsai, Gabor and Annarita Giani and Neema, Himanshu and Andrew Davis}
}
@article {4396,
	title = {A Model-Based Integration of Network Emulation with HLA-based Heterogeneous Simulation Environments},
	number = {ISIS-10-107},
	year = {2010},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/milcom10-xue.docx},
	author = {Xue, Yuan and Timothy Busch and Michael Gacek and Neema, Himanshu and Karsai, Gabor and Sztipanovits, Janos}
}
@conference {4331,
	title = {Model Based Integration and Experimentation of Information Fusion and C2 Systems},
	booktitle = {FUSION {\textquoteright}09. 12th International Conference on Information Fusion},
	year = {2009},
	month = {07/2009},
	address = {Seattle, WA},
	abstract = {Modern Network Centric Operations drive the complexity of information fusion and command and control (C2) systems. Driving this complexity further is the interplay dynamics of the human element, information systems, and communication networks. The lack of low-cost realistic experimental context limits the testing, evaluation, and further development of fusion systems to small-scale localized experiments. A Model-based Integration and Experimentation Framework is proposed. This framework is built on C2 Wind Tunnel - a robust multi-model simulation framework for integrating simulations to drive fusion experiments. The second component of the framework is a model-based system of systems integration tool-suite that allows modeling, synthesis, and deployment of networked system of systems. This component enables researchers to embed their research algorithm into the networked C2 systems. The C2 Wind Tunnel has been used to execute several simulation-driven C2 Experiments.},
	keywords = {Command and control systems, Command and Control Wind Tunnel, Computational modeling, Context modeling, Costs, Humans, Information Fusion, Information systems, Integrated Simulation Environment, middleware, model based integration, Model Integrated Computing, model-based experimentation framework, modern network centric operations, multi-model simulation, sensor fusion, Service Oriented Architectures, Signal processing algorithms, Software systems, Testing, Wireless sensor networks},
	isbn = {978-0-9824-4380-4},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Paper_8.pdf},
	author = {Neema, Sandeep and Bapty, Ted and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Neema, Himanshu and Sztipanovits, Janos and Karsai, Gabor}
}
@conference {4327,
	title = {Rapid Synthesis of Multi-Model Simulations for Computational Experiments in C2},
	booktitle = {Armed Forces Communications and Electronics Association - George Mason University Symposium},
	year = {2009},
	note = {The research was conducted by Institute for Software Integrated Systems at Vanderbilt University, in collaboration with George Mason University, University of California at Berkeley, and University of Arizona.},
	month = {05/2009},
	publisher = {George Mason University: http://hdl.handle.net/1920/5639},
	organization = {George Mason University: http://hdl.handle.net/1920/5639},
	address = {Lansdowne, Virginia},
	abstract = {Abstract-Virtual evaluation of complex command and control concepts demands the use of heterogeneous simulation environments. Development challenges include how to integrate multiple simulation platforms with varying semantics and how to integrate simulation models and the complex interactions between them. While existing simulation frameworks may provide many of the required services needed to coordinate among multiple simulation platforms, they lack an overarching integration approach that connects and relates the semantics of heterogeneous domain models and their interactions. This paper outlines some of the challenges encountered in developing a command and control simulation environment and discusses our use of the GME meta-modeling tool-suite to create a model-based integration approach that allows for rapid synthesis of complex HLA-based simulation environments.},
	keywords = {command and control, data interoperability, distributed simulation, heterogeneous simulation, high-level architecture, meta-modeling, model-based integration, model-based program synthesis, multi-model simulation, multi-paradigm modeling},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/C4I-09-07.pdf},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu and Nine, Harmon and Graham Hemingway and Sztipanovits, Janos and Karsai, Gabor}
}
@mastersthesis {3446,
	title = {A Solution-Clusters Based Approach To Solve Hard Constraint Satisfaction Problems},
	year = {2008},
	month = {May, 2008},
	school = {Vanderbilt University},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Neema_H_5_0_2008_A_Solution.pdf},
	author = {Neema, Himanshu}
}
@conference {4335,
	title = {Mixed-Initiative Planning for Space Exploration Missions},
	booktitle = {ICAPS{\textquoteright}07. International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling. Workshop on Moving Planning and Scheduling Systems into the Real World.},
	year = {2007},
	month = {09/2007},
	address = {Providence, Rhode Island},
	abstract = {Modern planning and scheduling systems are capable of dealing with the size and complexity of many real world problems. However, mission critical planning is still often done by humans. Even if only a couple of plans are produced ("Master Plan" and "Plan B"), human experts evaluate multiple alternatives, think of contingencies, consider the likelihood of failure of various steps, and account for schedule slack and plan flexibility. Computers can evaluate thousands of alternative scenarios, but the solutions they ultimately produce are often not convincing enough for expert decision makers to trust human lives or mission critical operations to computer decisions. Further, automated systems often require significant changes in the way people operate, which in high-stakes high-pressure environments leads to rejection of the system by the users.

In this paper we describe the decision support functionality of the Coordinated Multi-source Maintenance on Demand (CMMD) system. CMMD is designed to support the complete life cycle of mission plans for human space exploration, starting with initial long-term planning and ending with day-by-day execution of a detailed schedule. The goal of CMMD is not to replace human experts, but to assist them. To do so, CMMD explains reasons for commitments it makes, allows the user to interactively explore alternatives, guide the search toward more desirable solutions, and to run various queries (e.g., what courses of action have not yet been explored with respect to some goal?). We claim that giving users insight into workings of the system and gradually enhancing existing processes is crucial for gaining user confidence in produced plans and ultimately for adoption of the system.},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/paper7.pdf},
	author = {Tatiana Kichkaylo and Chris vanBuskirk and Sameer Singh and Neema, Himanshu and Michael Orosz and Robert Neches}
}
@conference {4338,
	title = {Synthesis of Robust Task Schedules for Minimum Disruption Repair},
	booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Systems, Man and Cybernetics},
	volume = {6},
	year = {2004},
	month = {10/2004},
	pages = {5056-5061},
	abstract = {An off-line scheduling algorithm considers resource, precedence, and synchronization requirements of a task graph, and generates a schedule guaranteeing its timing requirements. This schedule must, however, be executed in a dynamic and unpredictable operating environment where resources may fail and tasks may execute longer than expected. To accommodate such execution uncertainties, this paper addresses the synthesis of robust task schedules using a slack-based approach and proposes a solution using integer linear programming (ILP). An ILP model, whose solution maximizes the temporal flexibility of the overall task schedule, is formulated. Two different ILP solvers are used to solve this model and their performance compared. For large task graphs, an efficient approximate method is presented and its performance evaluated.},
	keywords = {Dynamic scheduling, Integer linear programming, integer programming, Job shop scheduling, linear programming, manufacturing data processing, Manufacturing industries, minimum disruption repair, offline scheduling algorithm, Processor scheduling, robust task schedules synthesis, Robustness, scheduling, Scheduling algorithm, slack-based approach, Software systems, task graph, Timing, Uncertainty, unpredictable operating environment},
	isbn = {0-7803-8566-7},
	doi = {10.1109/ICSMC.2004.1400995},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/RobustTaskSchedules.pdf},
	author = {Kandasamy, Nagarajan and Hanak, David and van Buskirk, Christopher and Neema, Himanshu and Karsai, Gabor}
}
