@conference {4910,
	title = {Data Driven Methods for Energy Reduction in Large Buildings},
	booktitle = {4th IEEE International Conference on Smart Computing(SMARTCOMP 20018)},
	year = {2018},
	month = {07/2018},
	publisher = {IEEE Xplore},
	organization = {IEEE Xplore},
	address = {Taormina, Sicily, Italy},
	abstract = {Modeling of HVAC components and energy flows for energy prediction purposes can be computationally expensive in large commercial buildings. More recently, the increased availability of building operational data has made it possible to develop data-driven methods for predicting and reducing energy use for these buildings. In this paper, we present such an approach, where we combine unsupervised and supervised learning algorithms to develop a robust method for energy reduction for large buildings operating under different environmental conditions. We compare our method against other energy prediction models that have been discussed in the literature using (1) a benchmark data set and (2) a real data set obtained from a building on the Vanderbilt University campus. A Stochastic Gradient Descent method is then applied to tune the controlled variable i.e., the AHU discharge temperature set point so that energy consumption is "minimized".},
	isbn = {978-1-5386-4705-9},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Data Driven Methods for Energy Reduction in Large Buildings.pdf},
	author = {Naug, Avisek and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {4832,
	title = {Incident Analysis and  Prediction Using Clustering And Bayesian Network},
	booktitle = {IEEE Conference on Smart City Innovations},
	year = {2017},
	month = {08/2017},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {San Francisco Bay Area, USA},
	abstract = {Advances in data collection and storage infrastructure offer an unprecedented opportunity to integrate both data and emergency resources in a city into a dynamic learning system that can anticipate and rapidly respond to heterogeneous incidents. In this paper, we describe integration methods for spatio-temporal incident forecasting using previously collected vehicular accident data provided to us by the Nashville Fire Department. The literature provides several techniques that focus on analyzing features and predicting accidents for specific situations (specific intersections in a city, or certain segments of a freeway, for example), but these models break down when applied to a large, general area consisting of many road and intersection types and other factors like weather conditions. We use Similarity Based Agglomerative Clustering (SBAC) analysis to categorize incidents to account for these variables. Thereafter, we use survival analysis to learn the likelihood of incidents per cluster. The mapping of the clusters to the spatial locations is achieved using a Bayesian network. The prediction methods we have developed lay the foundation for future work on an optimal emergency vehicle allocation and dispatch system in Nashville.},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/IEEE-SCI-R-33.pdf},
	author = {Geoffrey Pettet and Saideep Nannapaneni and Benjamin Stadnick and Dubey, Abhishek and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {4819,
	title = {Prioritized Allocation of Emergency Responders based on a Continuous-Time Incident Prediction Model},
	booktitle = {Sixteenth International Conference on Antonomous Agents and Multiagent Sytems},
	year = {2017},
	month = {05/2017},
	address = {Sao Paulo - Brazil},
	author = {Ayan Mukhopadhyay and Yevgeniy Vorobeychik and Dubey, Abhishek and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {4789,
	title = {An application of data driven anomaly identification to spacecraft telemetry data},
	booktitle = {Annual Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2016},
	year = {2016},
	month = {10/2016},
	abstract = {In this paper, we propose a mixed method for analyzing
telemetry data from a robotic space mission. The idea is
to first apply unsupervised learning methods to the telemetry
data divided into temporal segments. The large clusters
that ensue typically represent the nominal operations of the
spacecraft and are not of interest from an anomaly detection
viewpoint. However, the smaller clusters and outliers that result
from this analysis may represent specialized modes of
operation, e.g., conduct of a specialized experiment on board
the spacecraft, or they may represent true anomalous or unexpected
behaviors. To differentiate between specialized modes
and anomalies, we employ a supervised method of consulting
human mission experts in the approach presented in this
paper. Our longer term goal is to develop more automated
methods for detecting anomalies in time series data, and once
anomalies are identified, use feature selection methods to
build online detectors that can be used in future missions, thus
contributing to making operations more effective and improving
overall safety of the mission.},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/phmc_16_028.pdf},
	author = {Biswas, Gautam and hamed khorasgani and gerald stanje and Dubey, Abhishek and somnath deb and sudipto ghoshal}
}
@conference {4830,
	title = {Minimal Structurally Overdetermined Sets Selection for Distributed Fault Detection},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 26th International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis},
	year = {2015},
	month = {08/2015},
	address = {Paris, France},
	abstract = {This paper discusses a distributed diagnosis approach, where each subsystem diagnoser operates independently without a coordinator that combines local results and generates the correct global diagnosis. In addition, the distributed diagnosis algorithm is designed to minimize communication between the subsystems. A Minimal Structurally Overdetermined (MSO) set selection approach is developed as a Binary Integer Linear Programming (BILP) optimization problem for subsystem diagnoser design. For cases, where a complete global model of the system may not be available, we develop a heuristic approach, where individual subsystem diagnosers are designed incrementally, starting with the local system MSOs and progressively extending the local set to include MSOs from the immediate neighbors of the subsystem. The inclusion of additional neighbors continues till the MSO set ensures correct global diagnosis results. A multi-tank system is used to demonstrate and validate the proposed methods.},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Minimal.pdf},
	author = {hamed khorasgani and Biswas, Gautam and Jung, Daniel}
}
@conference {Carl2014,
	title = {An Approach to Parallelizing the Simulation of Complicated Modelica Models},
	booktitle = {SCS 2014 Summer Simulation Multi-Conference},
	year = {2014},
	month = {07/2014},
	publisher = {SCS},
	organization = {SCS},
	address = {Monterey, CA},
	abstract = {Designing embedded systems has become a complex and expensive task, and simulation and other analysis tools are taking on a bigger role in the overall design process. In an effort to speed up the design process, we present an algorithm for reducing the simulation time of large, complex models by creating a parallel schedule from a flattened set of equations that collectively capture the system behavior. The developed approach is applied to a multi-core desktop processor to determine the estimated speedup in a set of subsystem models.},
	isbn = {1-56555-354-3},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/SCSC_027.pdf},
	author = {Joshua D Carl and Biswas, Gautam and Neema, Sandeep and Bapty, Ted}
}
@conference {carlmodeling,
	title = {Modeling and Simulation Semantics for Building Large-Scale Multi-Domain Embedded Systems},
	booktitle = {27th European Conference on Modelling and Simulation},
	year = {2013},
	month = {05/2013},
	address = {Norway},
	url = {http://www.scs-europe.net/dlib/2013/2013-0093.htm},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/csm_ECMS2013_0091.pdf},
	author = {Joshua D Carl and Zsolt Lattmann and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@article {4521,
	title = {Prognostic Studies and Physics of failure mod- eling under High Electrical Stress for Electrolytic Capacitors},
	journal = {International Journal of Prognostics and Health Management},
	volume = {4},
	number = {2013},
	year = {2013},
	chapter = {1},
	issn = {2153-2648},
	author = {Celaya Jose and Kulkarni, Chetan and Biswas, Gautam and Goebel Kai}
}
@proceedings {4520,
	title = {Accelerated Aging Experiments for Capacitor Health Monitoring and Prognostics},
	journal = {IEEE AUTOTESTCON},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	address = {Anaheim, CA},
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Celaya Jose and Biswas, Gautam and Goebel Kai}
}
@proceedings {4519,
	title = {Bayesian Framework Approach for Prognostic Studies in Electrolytic Capacitor under Thermal Overstress Conditions},
	journal = {Annual Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	publisher = {PHM Society},
	address = {Minneapolis, MN},
	abstract = {Electrolytic capacitors are used in several applications ranging from power supplies for safety critical  avionics equipment to power drivers for electro-mechanical actuators. Past experiences show that capacitors tend to degrade and fail faster under high electrical and thermal stress conditions that they are often subjected to during operations. This makes them good candidates for prognostics and health management. Model based prognostics captures system knowledge in the form of physics-based models of components in order to obtain accurate predictions of end of life based on their current state of health and their anticipated future use and operational conditions. The focus of this paper is on deriving first principles degradation models for thermal stress conditions and implementing Bayesian framework for making remaining useful life predictions. Data collected from simultaneous experiments are used to  validate the models. Our overall goal is to derive accurate models of capacitor degradation, and use them to remaining useful life in DC-DC converters.},
	isbn = {978-1-936263-05-9},
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Celaya Jose and Biswas, Gautam and Goebel Kai}
}
@proceedings {4539,
	title = {Prognostics of Power Electronics, methods and validation experiments},
	journal = {IEEE AUTOTESTCON},
	year = {2012},
	month = {09/2012},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	address = {Anaheim, CA},
	abstract = {Failure of electronic devices is a concern for future electric aircrafts that will see an increase of electronics to drive and control safety-critical equipment throughout the aircraft. As a result, investigation of precursors to failure in electronics and prediction of remaining life of electronic components is of key importance. DC-DC power converters are power electronics systems employed typically as sourcing elements for avionics equipment. Current research efforts in prognostics for these power systems focuses on the identification of failure mechanisms and the development of accelerated aging methodologies and systems to accelerate the aging process of test devices, while continuously measuring key electrical and thermal parameters. Preliminary model-based prognostics algorithms have been developed making use of empirical degradation models and physics-inspired degradation model with focus on key components like electrolytic capacitors and power MOSFETs (metal-oxide-semiconductor-field-effect-transistor). This paper presents current results on the development of validation methods for prognostics algorithms of power electrolytic capacitors. Particularly, in the use of accelerated aging systems for algorithm validation. Validation of prognostics algorithms present difficulties in practice due to the lack of run-to-failure experiments in deployed systems. By using accelerated experiments, we circumvent this problem in order to define initial validation activities. },
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Jose Celaya and Kai Goebel and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {4486,
	title = {Fault Detection and Isolation for Spacecraft Systems: An Application to a Power Distribution Testbed},
	booktitle = {SAFEPROCESS 2012, 8th IFAC Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety of Technical Processes},
	year = {2012},
	month = {08/2012},
	pages = {168-173},
	address = {Mexico City, Mexico},
	abstract = {Modern electrical power disribution systems play a critical role in system operations. Therefore, early fault detection and isolation is essential to maintaining system safety and avoiding catastrophic failures. This paper discusses a fault isolation scheme based on a qualitative fault signature-based isolation mechanism that applies to abrupt, incipient and intermittent faults in the system. We discuss the isolation algorithms for a combination of these faults, and demonstrate their performance on a set of test cases generated from a NASA Ames spacecraft power distribution testbed. Our results show good isolation accuracy with 103 out of 134 faulty scenarios isolated correctly. Most of the isolation errors can be attributed to errors in the detection scheme.},
	isbn = {978-3-902823-09-0},
	doi = {10.3182/20120829-3-MX-2028.00252},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/SAFEPROCESS.pdf},
	author = {Joshua D Carl and Mack, Daniel L C and Ashraf Tantawy and Biswas, Gautam and Xenofon D. Koutsoukos}
}
@conference {4485,
	title = {Detection and Estimation of Multiple Fault Profiles Using Generalized Likelihood Ratio Tests: A Case Study},
	booktitle = {Sysid 2012, 16th IFAC Symposium on System Identification},
	year = {2012},
	month = {07/2012},
	pages = {386-391},
	type = {Conference Paper},
	address = {Brussels, Belgium},
	abstract = {Aircraft and spacecraft electrical power distribution systems are critical to overall system operation, but these systems may experience faults. Early fault detection makes it easier for system operators to respond and avoid catastrophic failures. This paper discusses a fault detection scheme based on a tunable generalized likelihood algorithm. We discuss the detector algorithm, and then demonstrate its performance on test data generated from a spacecraft power distribution testbed at NASA Ames. Our results show high detection accuracy and low false alarm rates.},
	isbn = {978-3-902823-06-9},
	doi = {10.3182/20120711-3-BE-2027.00337},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/SySID.pdf},
	author = {Joshua D Carl and Ashraf Tantawy and Biswas, Gautam and Xenofon D. Koutsoukos}
}
@proceedings {4512,
	title = {Physics Based Electrolytic Capacitor Degradation Models for Prognostic Studies under Thermal Overstress},
	journal = {1st European Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society},
	year = {2012},
	month = {07/2012},
	address = {Dresden, Germany},
	isbn = {978-1-936263-04-2},
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Celaya Jose and Biswas, Gautam and Kai Goebel}
}
@proceedings {4494,
	title = {Prognostics Health Management and Physics based failure Models for Electrolytic Capacitors},
	journal = {AIAA Infotech@Aerospace Conference},
	year = {2012},
	month = {06/2012},
	publisher = {American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics,},
	address = {Garden Grove, CA},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/AIAA2012_Final_Kulkarni_Celaya_Biswas_Goebel1.pdf},
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Celaya Jose and Biswas, Gautam and Kai Goebel}
}
@proceedings {4464,
	title = {Accelerated Aging in Electrolytic Capacitors for Prognostics},
	journal = {IEEE - The Annual Reliability and Maintainability Symposium},
	year = {2012},
	month = {01/2012},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	address = {Reno, Nevada},
	author = {Jose Celaya and Kulkarni, Chetan and Biswas, Gautam and Kai Goebel}
}
@article {4411,
	title = {Aircraft Power Generators: Hybrid Modeling and Simulation for Fault Detection},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Aerospace and Electronic Systems},
	year = {2012},
	author = {Ashraf Tantawy and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@article {4522,
	title = {Prognostics of Power Electronics, methods and validation experiments},
	journal = {2012 IEEE AUTOTESTCON Proceedings},
	year = {2012},
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Jose Celaya and Biswas, Gautam and Kai Goebel}
}
@article {4425,
	title = {Investigating Self-Regulated Learning in Teachable Agent Environments},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011},
	address = {Berlin, Germany: Springer},
	author = {Kinnebrew, John S and Biswas, Gautam and B. Sulcer and R. Taylor}
}
@proceedings {4319,
	title = {Investigating the Relationship Between Dialogue Responsiveness and Learning in a Teachable Agent Environment},
	journal = {The 15th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011},
	address = {Auckland, New Zealand},
	author = {Segedy, James and Kinnebrew, John S and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@proceedings {4318,
	title = {Scaffolding to Support Learning of Ecology in Simulation Environments},
	journal = {The 15th International Conference on Artificial Intelligence in Education},
	year = {2011},
	month = {2011},
	address = {Auckland, New Zealand},
	author = {Basu, Satabdi and Biswas, Gautam and Sengupta, Pratim}
}
@conference {4480,
	title = {Deriving Bayesian Classifiers from Flight Data to Enhance Aircraft Diagnosis Models},
	booktitle = {Annual Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society},
	year = {2011},
	month = {10/2011},
	address = {Montreal, Canada},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/PHM2011CameraFinal.pdf},
	author = {Mack, Daniel L C and Biswas, Gautam and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Mylaraswamy, Dinkar and Hadden, George}
}
@proceedings {4463,
	title = {A Model-based Prognostics Methodology for Electrolytic Capacitors Based on Electrical Overstress Accelerated Aging},
	journal = {Annual Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society (PHM 2011)},
	year = {2011},
	month = {10/2011},
	publisher = {Prognostics and Health Management Society},
	address = {Montreal, Canada},
	issn = {978-1-936263-03-5},
	author = {Celaya Jose and Kulkarni, Chetan and Biswas, Gautam and Saha Sankalita and Goebel Kai}
}
@conference {4462,
	title = {Prognostics Health Management and Failure Analysis Modeling techniques for Accelerated Life testing in Electrolytic Capacitors},
	booktitle = {IEEE 2011 Workshop on Accelerated Stress Testing \& Reliability},
	year = {2011},
	month = {10/2011},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	organization = {IEEE},
	address = {San Francisco, CA},
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Biswas, Gautam and Celaya Jose and Goebel Kai}
}
@proceedings {4422,
	title = {Prognostic Modeling and Experimental Techniques for Electrolytic Capacitor Health Monitoring},
	journal = {8th International Workshop on Structural Health Monitoring, IWSHM 2011},
	year = {2011},
	month = {09/2011},
	address = {Stanford, CA},
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Biswas, Gautam and Celaya Jose and Goebel Kai}
}
@conference {4413,
	title = {Transmission Control Policy Design for Decentralized Detection in Tree Topology Sensor Networks},
	booktitle = {14th International Conference on Information Fusion, Fusion 2011},
	year = {2011},
	month = {07/2011},
	address = {Chicago IL, USA},
	author = {Ashraf Tantawy and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {4479,
	title = {Using Tree Augmented Naive Bayes Classifiers to Improve Engine Fault Models},
	booktitle = {Uncertainty in Artificial Intelligence: Bayesian Modeling Applications Workshop},
	year = {2011},
	month = {07/2011},
	address = {Barcelona, Spain},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/UAIWS2011CameraVandy.pdf},
	author = {Mack, Daniel L C and Biswas, Gautam and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Mylaraswamy, Dinkar}
}
@conference {4412,
	title = {Transmission Control Policy Design for Decentralized Detection in Sensor Networks},
	booktitle = {IEEE International Conference on Distributed Computing in Sensor Systems, DCOSS 2011},
	year = {2011},
	month = {06/2011},
	address = {Barcelona, Spain},
	author = {Ashraf Tantawy and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@proceedings {4421,
	title = {Towards Prognostics of Electrolytic Capacitors},
	journal = {Infotech@Aerospace 2011},
	year = {2011},
	month = {04/2011},
	publisher = {AIAA},
	address = {St. Louis, Missouri},
	author = {Celaya Jose and Kulkarni, Chetan and Biswas, Gautam and Goebel Kai}
}
@article {4414,
	title = {Transmission Control Policy Design for Decentralized Detection in Sensor Networks},
	number = {ISIS-11-103},
	year = {2011},
	month = {04/2011},
	institution = {Institute for Software Integrated Systems},
	address = {Nashville TN},
	issn = {ISIS-11-103},
	author = {Ashraf Tantawy and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@proceedings {4262,
	title = {Prognostics Techniques For Capacitor Degradation and Health Monitoring},
	journal = {The Maintenance \& Reliability Conference, MARCON 2011},
	year = {2011},
	month = {03/2011},
	publisher = {MARCON},
	address = {Knoxville, TN},
	abstract = {This paper discusses our initial efforts in constructing physics of failure models for electrolytic capacitors subjected to electrical stressors in DC-DC power converters. Electrolytic capacitors and MOSFET{\textquoteright}s are known to be the primary causes for degradation and failure in DC-DC converter systems. We have employed a topological energy based modeling scheme based on the bond graph (BG) modeling language for building parametric models of multi-domain systems, such as motors and pumps. In previous work, we have conducted experimental studies to validate an empirical physics of failure model based on Arrhenius Law for equivalent series resistance (ESR) increase in electrolytic capacitors operating under nominal conditions. In this paper, our focus shifts to deriving first principle models of capacitor degradation that explain both the ESR increase and the decrease in capacitance over time when the capacitor is operated under electrical stress conditions. Experimental studies are run in parallel, and data collected from these studies are used to validate the generated models. In the future, they will also be used to compute model parameters, so that the overall goal of deriving accurate models of capacitor degradation, and using them to predict performance changes in DC-DC converters is realized.},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/MARCON_2011_Kulkarni_Biswas_Celaya_Goebel.pdf},
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Biswas, Gautam and Celaya Jose and Goebel Kai}
}
@article {4460,
	title = {Modeling and Measuring Self-Regulated Learning in Teachable Agent Environments},
	journal = {Journal of e-Learning and Knowledge Society},
	volume = {7},
	number = {2},
	year = {2011},
	pages = {19-35},
	chapter = {19},
	abstract = {Our learning-by-teaching environment has students take on the role and responsibilities of a teacher to a virtual student named Betty. The environment is designed to help students learn and understand science topics for themselves as they teach and monitor their agent. This process is supported by adaptive scaffolding and feedback through interactions with the teachable agent and a mentor agent. This paper discusses the results of a comparative study conducted in an 8th-grade science classroom, where students received two kinds of metacognitive and learning strategy feedback. We analyze student performance and learning gains as a result of the intervention. To gain further insight into student learning behaviors exhibited during the intervention, we employ a data mining methodology incorporating hidden Markov modeling and sequence mining techniques. The results illustrate both the effectiveness of the experimental agent feedback in encouraging metacognitive learning strategies and the utility of the data mining methodology.},
	author = {Kinnebrew, John S and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {4309,
	title = {Analysis of productive learning behaviors in a structured inquiry cycle using hidden Markov models},
	booktitle = {Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference of Educational Data Mining},
	year = {2010},
	month = {June 2010},
	pages = {81-90},
	address = {Pittsburgh, PA},
	author = {Joeng, H. and Biswas, Gautam and Johnson, Julie and Howard, Larry}
}
@conference {5655070,
	title = {Computation of things for human protection and fulfillment},
	booktitle = {Technologies for Homeland Security (HST), 2010 IEEE International Conference on},
	year = {2010},
	month = {11/2010},
	pages = {153 -159},
	address = {Waltham, MA},
	abstract = {Computer science and computational engineering have enabled great advances in modeling and simulation to analyze various scenarios. Still, facilitating and enhancing situational awareness for a single human is rarely considered. Poor decisions by an individual encountering everyday challenges or public threat situations can have dramatic effects, both for the individual and others. In the presented research, a Computation of Things (CoTh) framework is proposed to provide individual decision support during crises and prevent long-term deviations from safe and secure conditions. The target of CoTh is to enable a profound understanding of the situation from the viewpoint of individual persons in order to permanently reduce their fear, while simultaneously increasing awareness of appropriate responses. CoTh allows for a quick forecasting of action (or non-action) alternatives based on an individual human context, including geographic position (e.g., pollution level and energy usage), activity patterns (e.g., personal nutrition habits, lifestyle, traveling load, family status, circle of friends, social network, and virtual life), and state patterns (e.g., the DNA, current health conditions, and musculature of a human), depending on the considered situation. Insights into CoTh{\textquoteright}s motivation, requirements, and challenges are provided and the architecture proposal is depicted.},
	keywords = {activity patterns, computational engineering, decision support systems, ergonomics, geographic information systems, geographic position, health and safety, human protection, individual decision support, individual human context, quick forecasting, situational awareness, state patterns},
	doi = {10.1109/THS.2010.5655070},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Zander et al - 2010 -- Computation of Things for Human Protection \& Fulfillment.pdf},
	author = {Zander, Justyna and Mosterman, Piter J and Kinnebrew, John S and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {4279,
	title = {Modeling and Measuring Self-Regulated Learning in Teachable Agent Environments},
	booktitle = {Papers from the AAAI Fall Symposium: Cognitive and Metacognitive Educational Systems (MCES)},
	volume = {FS-10-01},
	year = {2010},
	month = {11/2010},
	pages = {34-39},
	address = {Arlington, VA},
	author = {Kinnebrew, John S and Biswas, Gautam and Sulcer, Brian}
}
@conference {4226,
	title = {Diagnostic/Prognostic Experiments for Capacitor Degradation and Health Monitoring in DC-DC converters},
	booktitle = {ASME 2010 Conference on Smart Materials, Adaptive Structures and Intelligent Systems},
	year = {2010},
	month = {10/2010},
	publisher = {ASME},
	organization = {ASME},
	address = {Philadelphia, PA},
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Biswas, Gautam and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Jose Celaya and Kai Goebel}
}
@conference {4315,
	title = {Efficient Tracking of Behavior in Complex Hybrid Systems via Hybrid Bond Graphs},
	booktitle = {Annual Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2010},
	year = {2010},
	month = {10/2010},
	address = {Portland, OR, US},
	abstract = {For many real-world systems, which exhibit complex, nonlinear, and hybrid behavior, it is important to accurately track and monitor the state and health of these systems. The continuous state estimation problem has been well studied, and a number of extensions of the Kalman filter to nonlinear systems have been proposed. Hy- brid state estimation poses an additional challenge, because the model must be quickly updated during a mode change to facilitate accurate, real time tracking. This paper discusses an approach to minimize the amount of equation regeneration necessary when the system undergoes hybrid mode changes. These equations are used as the state update equation for an Unscented Kalman Filter that tracks the system{\textquoteright}s state. We demonstrate the effectiveness of our approach by tracking the hybrid behaviors of NASA{\textquoteright}s ADAPT test bench. Results show that our algorithm scales well for tracking large nonlinear and hybrid systems.
},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/phmc_10_064.pdf},
	author = {Benjamin Podgursky and Biswas, Gautam and Koutsoukos, Xenofon}
}
@proceedings {4227,
	title = {Experimental studies of ageing in electrolytic capacitors},
	journal = {Annual Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2010},
	year = {2010},
	month = {10/2010},
	publisher = {Prognostics and Health Management Society},
	address = {Porltand, OR},
	abstract = {Understanding the aging mechanisms of electronic components in an avionics system is extremely important as they are part of the critical sub-systems avionics which includes the GPS and INAV systems. Electrolytic capacitors and MOSFET{\textquoteright}s have higher failure rates than the other components in DC-DC power converter systems. With increased use of electronics in avionics system, it becomes very much important to understand these components degradation mechanisms and their effects on the rest of the system. Our current work focuses on analyzing and modeling degradation phenomena in electrolytic capacitors and its effects on the output of DC-DC converter systems. The output degradation is typically measured by the increase in ripple current and the drop in output voltage at the load. Typically the ripple current effects dominate, and they can have adverse effects on downstream components. For example, in avionics systems where the power supply drives a GPS unit, ripple currents can cause glitches in the GPS position and velocity output, and this may cause errors in the Inertial Navigation (INAV) system causing the aircraft to fly off course.
 Literature reports a number of operating conditions that may cause capacitor degradation. These include High Voltage conditions, Transients, Reverse Bias, Strong Vibrations and high ripple current. In our work, we have studied the effects of capacitor degradation on DC-DC converter performance by developing a combination of converter system model and a physics of failure model of electrolytic capacitor degradation when subjected to thermal and electrical stresses. Thermal stress occurs when the capacitors operate in high temperature environments, while electrical stress conditions occur due to high operating voltages and even ripple currents above the rated values. In our work we are developing models to capture the failure phenomenon in these components. 
In this paper, we discuss two experiments to observe degradation in electrolytic capacitors. In the first ageing experiment study, the capacitor was subjected to degradation for over 1000 hours of capacitor operation time under nominal room temperature conditions, and the degradation was monitored at regular intervals. In the accelerated ageing methodology study, the capacitors were subjected to high electrical stress. During the accelerated testing we observed a faster degradation in the capacitors where we measured the ESR (Equivalent Series Resistance) which increased over the period of time. 
We also discuss the future accelerated ageing method and tests for capacitor degradation. In this paper we present the details of our aging methodology along with details of experiments and analysis of the results
},
	issn = {978-1-936263-01-1},
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Biswas, Gautam and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Kai Goebel and Jose Celaya}
}
@proceedings {4225,
	title = {Integrated Diagnostic/Prognostic Experimental Setup for Capacitor Degradation and Health Monitoring},
	journal = {IEEE AUTOTESTCON 2010},
	year = {2010},
	month = {09/2010},
	publisher = {IEEE},
	address = {Orlando, FL},
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Biswas, Gautam and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Celaya Jose and Kai Goebel}
}
@conference {4223,
	title = {Effects of Degradation in DC-DC Converters on Avionics Systems: A Model Based Approach},
	booktitle = {Machinery Failure Prevention Technology Conference, MFPT 2010},
	year = {2010},
	month = {04/2010},
	pages = {8-13},
	publisher = {MFPT},
	organization = {MFPT},
	address = {Huntsville, AL},
	abstract = {This paper proposes a model based approach to study the degradation effects of power supply converters on the avionics systems. Avionics systems combine physical processes, computational hardware, and software systems, and present unique challenges to performing root cause analysis when faults occur, and also for establishing the effects of faults on overall system behavior and performance. However, systematic analysis of these conditions are very important for analysis of safety and also to avoid catastrophic failures in navigation systems.

A combined energy-based and physics of failure model approach is adopted for degradation analysis and prognosis of degrading components in DC-DC power converters. We have developed automated methods for generating Simulink models from bond graph representations of physical models. The bond graph models are also used to derive models for diagnostic and prognostic analysis. Further, we have also developed models of the software and hardware components of the GPS and INAV subsystems as Simulink{\texttrademark} modules. The complete system for studying the behaviors of the avionics system (both nominal and faulty) is implemented as a set of integrated Simulink modules.

In avionics systems, degradations and faults in this unit propagates to the GPS and INAV systems. These can cause a variety of faults in these systems, e.g., ripple currents at the power supply output can cause glitches in the GPS position and velocity output, and this, in turn, produces errors in the Inertial Navigation (INAV) system calculations. One of the faults we have been studying in detail is electrolytic capacitor degradation in the power supply, and its effects on the functioning of the GPS unit. 

We apply qualitative fault signature methods for detecting and isolating faults in all three components of the avionics system. Fault signature generation is based on establishing causal relations between system parameters and measurements, and estimating the effect of a parameter value change (representing a fault) on the measured values. 

In the literature a number of operating conditions that cause capacitor degradation, such as High Voltage conditions, Transients, Reverse Bias, Strong Vibrations and high ripple current have been reported. Some of these conditions are observed by the power supplies embedded in the avionics systems. In this work, we study some of these conditions which lead to capacitor degradation i.e. due to thermal and electrical stresses. 

A topological energy based modeling scheme developed on the bond graph (BG) modeling language for building parametric models of multi-domain physical systems has been implemented. A model based approach to studying degradation phenomena enables us to combine the energy based modeling of the DC-DC converter with physics of failures models of capacitor degradation, and to predict using stochastic simulation methods how system performance deteriorates with time. This more systematic analysis may provide a more general and accurate method for computing the remaining useful life (RUL) of the component and the converter system. We adopt a physics of failure model (Arrhenius Law) for equivalent series resistance (ESR) increase in electrolytic capacitors subjected to electrical and thermal stresses. High ripple currents due to degradation lead to frequent resets and even damage in the systems that are downstream from the power supply. 

The literature indicates that the fluctuation in power supply voltage and excessive ripple currents could lead to various failures in the GPS receiver module.  In this work we have simulated the GPS reset events due to voltage fluctuations.  We have also simulated the loss of receiver lock due to excessive ripple current.  We have demonstrated using our simulation models the effects of power supply faults on the overall performance of the GPS solution. 

Our methodology also provides a framework for developing efficient fault signature methods for fault detection and fault isolation. In future, we will conduct more detailed analysis of degradation effects, and their propagation to the different components of the system. We will also develop methods to quantify the effects of degradation on overall system performance.
},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/KulkarniBiswas_BharadwajKim_MFPT2010.pdf},
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Biswas, Gautam and Bharadwaj Raj and Kim Kyusung}
}
@conference {4224,
	title = {Model-Based Avionics Systems Fault Simulation and Detection},
	booktitle = {American Institute of Aeronautics and Astronautics, AIAA Infotech Aerospace 2010},
	year = {2010},
	month = {04/2010},
	address = {Atlanta, GA},
	author = {Bharadwaj Raj and Kulkarni, Chetan and Kim Kyusung and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {4222,
	title = {Physics of Failure Models for Capacitor Degradation in DC-DC Converters},
	booktitle = {The Maintenance \& Reliability Conference, MARCON 2010},
	year = {2010},
	month = {02/2010},
	publisher = {MARCON},
	organization = {MARCON},
	address = {Knoxville, TN},
	abstract = {This paper proposes a combined energy-based and physics of failure model for degradation analysis and prognosis of electrolytic capacitors in DC-DC power converters. Electrolytic capacitors and MOSFET{\textquoteright}s have higher failure rates than other components in DC-DC converter systems. Currently our work focuses on analyzing and modeling electrolytic capacitors degradation and its effects on the output of DC-DC converter systems. The output degradation is typically measured by the increase in ripple current and the drop in output voltage at the load. Typically the ripple current effects dominate, and they can have adverse effects on downstream components. For example, in avionics systems where the power supply drives a GPS unit, ripple currents can cause glitches in the GPS position and velocity output, and this may cause errors in the Inertial Navigation (INAV) system causing the aircraft to fly off course.

A model based approach to studying degradation phenomena enables us to combine the energy based modeling of the DC-DC converter with  physics of failures models of capacitor degradation, and predict using stochastic simulation methods how system performance deteriorates with time. This more systematic analysis may provide a more general and accurate method for computing the remaining useful life (RUL) of the component and the converter system. 

We have employed a topological energy based modeling scheme based on the bond graph (BG) modeling language for building parametric models of multi-domain physical systems. The BG approach captures relationship between component parameters, system behavior and performance. Component degradation models are constructed using empirical physics of failure models that have been presented in the literature, and validating these models using data collected from accelerated degradation studies. The physics of failure models provide mathematical formulations that are directly linked to component parameters. 

Literature reports a number of operating conditions that may cause capacitor degradation. These include High Voltage conditions, Transients, Reverse Bias, Strong Vibrations and high ripple current. In our work, we have studied the effects of capacitor degradation on DC-DC converter performance by developing a combination of converter system model and a physics of failure model of electrolytic capacitor degradation when subjected to thermal and electrical stresses. Thermal stress occurs when the capacitors operate in high temperature environments, while electrical stress conditions occur due to high operating voltages and even ripple currents above the rated values.  In our work we are developing models to capture the failure phenomenon in these components. 

Our current work adopts a physics of failure model (Arrhenius Law) for equivalent series resistance (ESR) increase in electrolytic capacitors subjected to electrical and thermal stresses. Under stress conditions the ESR gradually increases and capacitance of the capacitor gradually decreases with time thus resulting in the capacitors ability to filter out AC components in the output voltage.  As a result, the output ripples current and ripple voltages of the converter increases over time. The output DC voltage also decreases over time, but the ripple current effects on the load are more significant. High ripple currents may lead to frequent resets or even damage in the systems that are downstream from the power supply. We present a combined model- and data-driven approach for estimating and validating the parameters of our physics of failure models for capacitor degradation. We use Monte Carlo simulation methods to develop prognostic methods that predict remaining useful life based on degradation in the power supply output.

For model simulation study the derived degradation model of the capacitors are reintroduced into the DC-DC converter system model to study changes in the system performance using Monte Carlo methods. The simulation results observed under different stress conditions are recorded and compared with the hardware experiments. We have designed different hardware setups for capturing the data of actual degradation phenomenon under thermal and electrical stress. In the first setup capacitors are subjected to only thermal stress. Under this condition output ripple voltage and increase in ESR is monitored over the period of time. In the second setup experiment the capacitors are subjected to electrical stress by continuous charging/discharging cycle. The ESR parameter is monitored regularly over this period of time. The data from these experiments is used to verify results from the models developed and also for refining the model parameters for more accuracy. The paper concludes with comments and future work to be done. 
},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/KulkarniBiswasKoutsoukos_GoebelCelaya_MARCON2010.pdf},
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Biswas, Gautam and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Goebel Kai and Celaya Jose}
}
@conference {4281,
	title = {Coordination of Planning and Scheduling Techniques for a Distributed, Multi-level, Multi-agent System},
	booktitle = {The International Conference on Agents and Artificial Intelligence (ICAART 2010)},
	year = {2010},
	month = {01/2010},
	address = {Valencia, Spain},
	abstract = {Planning and scheduling for agents operating in heterogeneous, multi-agent environments is governed by the nature of the environment and the interactions between agents. Significant efficiency and capability gains can be attained by employing planning and scheduling mechanisms that are tailored to particular agent roles. This paper presents such a framework for a global sensor web that operates as a two-level hierarchy, where the mission level coordinates complex tasks globally and the resource level coordinates the operation of subtasks on individual sensor networks. We describe important challenges in coordinating among agents employing two different planning and scheduling methods and develop a coordination solution for this framework. Experimental results validate the benefits of employing guided, context-sensitive coordination of planning and scheduling in such sensor web systems.},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Kinnebrew et al - 2010 - ICAART -- Coord Plan \& Sched for Distrib Multi-level MAS.pdf},
	author = {Kinnebrew, John S and Mack, Daniel L C and Biswas, Gautam and Schmidt, Douglas C.}
}
@article {4376,
	title = {A Comprehensive Diagnosis Methodology for Complex Hybrid Systems: A Case Study on Spacecraft Power Distribution Systems},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on System, Man, and Cybernetics, Part A},
	volume = {40},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {917-931},
	author = {Daigle, Matthew and Roychoudhury, Indranil and Biswas, Gautam and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Patterson-Hine, Ann and Poll, Scott}
}
@article {4378,
	title = {An Event-based Approach to Integrated Parametric and Discrete Fault Diagnosis in Hybrid Systems},
	journal = {Transactions of the Institute of Measurement and Control, Special Issue on Hybrid and Switched Systems},
	volume = {32},
	number = {5},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {487-510},
	author = {Daigle, Matthew and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@article {Biswas:10,
	title = {Measuring Self-regulated Learning Skills through Social Interactions in a Teachable Agent Environment},
	journal = {Research and Practice in Technology-Enhanced Learning (RPTEL)},
	volume = {5},
	number = {2},
	year = {2010},
	pages = {123{\textendash}152},
	abstract = {We have developed a learning environment where students teach a computer agent, using visual representations, and can monitor the agent{\textquoteright}s learning progress by asking her questions and having her take quizzes. The system provides self-regulated learning and metacognitive support via dialog-embedded prompts from Betty, the teachable agent, and Mr. Davis, the mentor agent. Our primary goals have been to support learning of complex science topics in middle school classrooms and facilitate development of metacognitive skills to support future learning. In this paper, we discuss methods that we have employed for detecting and characterizing students{\textquoteright} behavior patterns from their activity sequences on the system. In particular, we discuss a method for learning hidden Markov models (HMM) from the activity logs. We demonstrate that the HMM structure corresponds to students{\textquoteright} aggregated behavior patterns in the learning environment. Overall, the HMM technique allows us to go beyond simple frequency and sequence analyses, such as individual activity and pre-defined pattern counts, instead using exploratory methods to examine how these activities cohere in larger patterns over time. The paper outlines a study conducted in a 5th grade science classroom, presents the models derived from the students{\textquoteright} activity sequences, interprets the model structure as aggregate patterns of their learning behaviors, and links these patterns to students{\textquoteright} use of self-regulated learning strategies. The results illustrate that those who teach an agent demonstrate better learning performance and better use of metacognitive monitoring behaviors than students who only learn for themselves. We also observed more advanced and focused monitoring behaviors in the students who received metacognitive strategy feedback from the mentor agent while they taught the teachable agent.},
	keywords = {hidden Markov models, Learning by teaching, measuring self-regulated learning, metacognition, sequence analysis},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Biswas-etal_MeasuringSRL_RPTEL2010.pdf},
	author = {Biswas, Gautam and Jeong, Hogyeong and Kinnebrew, John S and Sulcer, Brian and Roscoe, Rod}
}
@article {4427,
	title = {Measuring Self-regulated Learning Skills through Social Interactions in a Teachable Agent Environment},
	year = {2010},
	author = {Kinnebrew, John S and Biswas, Gautam and Sulcer, Brian}
}
@article {4799777,
	title = {An Integrated Planning and Adaptive Resource Management Architecture for Distributed Real-Time Embedded Systems},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Computers},
	volume = {58},
	number = {11},
	year = {2009},
	month = {11/2009},
	pages = {1485 -1499},
	abstract = {Real-time and embedded systems have traditionally been designed for closed environments where operating conditions, input workloads, and resource availability are known a priori and are subject to little or no change at runtime. There is an increasing demand, however, for autonomous capabilities in open distributed real-time and embedded (DRE) systems that execute in environments where input workload and resource availability cannot be accurately characterized a priori. These systems can benefit from autonomic computing capabilities, such as self-(re)configuration and self-optimization, that enable autonomous adaptation under varying-even unpredictable-operational conditions. A challenging problem faced by researchers and developers in enabling autonomic computing capabilities to open DRE systems involves devising adaptive planning and resource management strategies that can meet mission objectives and end-to-end quality of service (QoS) requirements of applications. To address this challenge, this paper presents the integrated planning, allocation, and control (IPAC) framework, which provides decision-theoretic planning, dynamic resource allocation, and runtime system control to provide coordinated system adaptation and enable the autonomous operation of open DRE systems.  This paper presents two contributions to research on autonomic computing for open DRE systems. First, we describe the design of IPAC and show how IPAC resolves the challenges associated with the autonomous operation of a representative open DRE system case study. Second, we empirically evaluate the planning and adaptive resource management capabilities of IPAC in the context of our case study. Our experimental results demonstrate that IPAC enables the autonomous operation of open DRE systems by performing adaptive planning and management of system resources.},
	keywords = {adaptive planning, adaptive resource management architecture, autonomic computing, decision theory, decision-theoretic planning, distributed processing, dynamic resource allocation, embedded systems, fault tolerant computing, integrated planning-allocation-control framework, open distributed real-time embedded system, open systems, QoS, quality of service, resource allocation, runtime system control, self-optimization, self-reconfigurable system},
	issn = {0018-9340},
	doi = {10.1109/TC.2009.44},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Shankaran et al - 2009 - IEEE Trans Comp -- Integ Plan \& Adapt Resource Mgmt Arch for DRE Sys.pdf},
	author = {Shankaran, Nishanth and Kinnebrew, John S and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Lu, Chenyang and Schmidt, Douglas C. and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@proceedings {4221,
	title = {A prognosis case study for electrolytic capacitor degradation in DC-DC converters},
	journal = {Annual Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society 2009},
	year = {2009},
	month = {10/2009},
	publisher = {Prognostics and Health Management Society},
	address = {San Diego, CA},
	abstract = {This paper proposes a model based approach for prognosis of DC-DC power converters. We briefly review the prognosis process, and present an overview of different approaches that have been developed. We study the effects of capacitor degradation on DC-DC converter performance by developing a combination of a thermal model for ripple current effects and a physics of failure model of the thermal effects on capacitor degradation. The derived degradation model of the capacitor is reintroduced into the DC-DC converter model to study changes in the system performance using Monte Carlo methods. The simulation results observed under different conditions and experimental setups for model verification are discussed. The paper concludes with comments and future work to be done.
},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Kulkarni_Biswas_Koutsoukos_PHM09.pdf},
	author = {Kulkarni, Chetan and Biswas, Gautam and Koutsoukos, Xenofon}
}
@conference {Kinnebrew:09:EAH,
	title = {Efficient Allocation of Hierarchically-Decomposable Tasks in a Sensor Web Contract Net},
	booktitle = {The IEEE/WIC/ACM International Joint Conference on Web Intelligence and Intelligent Agent Technology (IAT)},
	series = {WI-IAT {\textquoteright}09},
	year = {2009},
	month = {09/2009},
	pages = {225{\textendash}232},
	publisher = {IEEE Computer Society},
	organization = {IEEE Computer Society},
	address = {Milan, Italy},
	abstract = {In large, distributed systems, such as a sensor web, allocating resources to tasks that span multiple providers presents significant challenges. Individual subtasks associated with a task could potentially be assigned to a number of agents (e.g., when there is overlap in sensor or data processing capability among constituent sensor networks). This problem is further compounded by the dynamic nature of a sensor web, in which both desired tasks and resource availability change with time and environmental conditions. This paper presents a novel variation of the contract net protocol (CNP) for subtask allocation, which employs brokers to limit communication overhead in a two-phase CNP and aggregate domain information from groups of agents. Experimental results using this subtask allocation approach verify its efficiency and scalability. These results also suggest specific refinements and appropriate parameters for a variety of system configurations and operating conditions in sensor webs and other large multi-agent systems.},
	isbn = {978-0-7695-3801-3},
	doi = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WI-IAT.2009.154},
	url = {http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/WI-IAT.2009.154},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Kinnebrew \& Biswas - 2009 - IAT -- Efficient Alloc Hierarch-Decomp Tasks in Sensor Web CNet.pdf},
	author = {Kinnebrew, John S and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {4416,
	title = {Robust differential protection with intermittent cable faults for aircraft AC generators},
	booktitle = {Annual Conference of the Prognostics and Health Management Society, PHM09},
	year = {2009},
	month = {09/2009},
	address = {San Diego, CA},
	author = {Ashraf Tantawy and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {4417,
	title = {Detection using intermittent observations for passive wireless sensors},
	booktitle = {American Control Conference, ACC2009},
	year = {2009},
	month = {06/2009},
	address = {St. Louis, Missouri},
	author = {Ashraf Tantawy and Xenofon Kousoukos and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {4418,
	title = {Optimal performance for detection systems in wireless passive sensor networks.},
	booktitle = {17th Mediterranean Conference on Control and Automation, MED{\textquoteright}09},
	year = {2009},
	month = {06/2009},
	address = {Thessaloniki, Greece},
	author = {Ashraf Tantawy and Xenofon Kousoukos and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {4839493,
	title = {A Flexible Infrastructure for Distributed Deployment in Adaptive Sensor Webs},
	booktitle = {The 2009 IEEE Aerospace Conference},
	year = {2009},
	month = {03/2009},
	pages = {1 -12},
	address = {Big Sky, Montana},
	abstract = {Distributed sensor Webs typically operate in dynamic environments where operating conditions, transient phenomena, availability of resources, and network connection quality change frequently and unpredictably. Often these changes can neither be completely anticipated nor accurately described during development or deployment. Our prior work has described how we developed agents and services that are capable of monitoring these changing conditions and adapting system parameters using the CORBA component model (CCM) deployment infrastructure as part of the multiagent architecture for coordinated responsive observations (MACRO) platform. Our recent application of MACRO to the South East Alaska monitoring network for Science, Telecommunications, Education, and Research (SEAMONSTER) project has identified new distributed deployment infrastructure challenges common to computationally constrained field environments in adaptive sensor Webs. These challenges include standardized execution of low-level hardware-dependent actions and on-going data tasks, automated provisioning of agents for heterogeneous field hardware, and minimizing deployment infrastructure overhead. This paper describes how we extended MACRO to address these sensor Web challenges by creating an action/effector framework standardizing the execution of lightweight actions and providing for automated provisioning of MACRO agents, in addition to footprint optimizations to the underlying CCM infrastructure.},
	keywords = {adaptive distributed sensor web, automated provisioning, computationally constrained field environment, CORBA component model, distributed deployment infrastructure, distributed object management, distributed sensors, footprint optimization, geophysics computing, hardware-dependent action, MACRO, multi-agent architecture, multi-agent systems, optimisation, SEAMONSTER project},
	doi = {10.1109/AERO.2009.4839493},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Otte et al - 2009 - IEEE Aerospace -- Flex Infrastructure Distrib Deploy in Adapt Sensor Webs.pdf},
	author = {Otte, William R and Kinnebrew, John S and Schmidt, Douglas C. and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {5231982,
	title = {Intelligent Resource Management and Dynamic Adaptation in a Distributed Real-time and Embedded Sensor Web System},
	booktitle = {The 12th IEEE International Symposium on Object/Component/Service-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC)},
	year = {2009},
	month = {03/2009},
	pages = {135 -142},
	address = {Tokyo, Japan},
	abstract = {Sensor webs are often composed of servers connected to distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems that operate in open environments where operating conditions, workload, resource availability, and connectivity cannot be accurately characterized a priori. The South East Alaska MOnitoring Network for Science, Telecommunications, Education, and Research (SEAMONSTER) project exhibits many common system management and dynamic operation challenges for effective, autonomous system adaptation in a representative sensor web. These challenges cover both field operation (e.g., power management through system sleep/wake cycles and reaction to local environmental changes) and server operation (e.g., system adaptation for new/modified goals, resource allocation for a changing set of applications, and configuration changes for fluctuating workload). This paper presents the results of integrating and applying quality-of-service (QoS)-enabled component middleware, dynamic resource management, and autonomous agent technologies to address these challenges in SEAMONSTER.},
	keywords = {autonomous agent technologies, autonomous system adaptation, distributed processing, distributed real-time embedded systems, distributed real-time system, dynamic adaptation, dynamic resource management, embedded sensor Web system, embedded systems, intelligent resource management, QoS-enabled component middleware, quality of service, quality-of-service, resource allocation, SEAMONSTER project},
	issn = {1555-0885},
	doi = {10.1109/ISORC.2009.43},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Kinnebrew et al - 2009 - ISORC -- Intell Resource Mgmt \& Dyn Adapt in DRE Sensor Web.pdf},
	author = {Kinnebrew, John S and Otte, William R and Shankaran, Nishanth and Biswas, Gautam and Schmidt, Douglas C.}
}
@article {3448,
	title = {An Integrated Approach to Parametric and Discrete Fault Diagnosis in Hybrid Systems},
	year = {2008},
	month = {January, 2008},
	institution = {Institute for Software Integrated Systems},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Daigle_MJ_1_10_2008_An_Integra.pdf},
	author = {Daigle, Matthew and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {4415,
	title = {Aircraft AC Generators: Hybrid system modeling and simulation},
	booktitle = {International Conference on Prognostics and Health Management, PHM08},
	year = {2008},
	month = {10/2008},
	address = {Denver, Colorado},
	author = {Ashraf Tantawy and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {4285,
	title = {Application of Middleware and Agent Technologies to a Representative Sensor Network},
	booktitle = {The Eighth Annual NASA Earth Science Technology Conference (ESTC)},
	year = {2008},
	month = {06/2008},
	address = {College Park, Maryland},
	abstract = {Sensor networks are distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems that often operate in open environments where operating conditions, workload, resource availability, and connectivity cannot be accurately characterized a priori. As with other open DRE systems, they must perform sequences of heterogeneous data collection, manipulation, and coordination tasks to meet specified system objectives. The South East Alaska MOnitoring Network for Science, Telecommunications, Education, and Research (SEAMONSTER) project illustrates many common system management and dynamic operation challenges in a representative sensor network, including adapting to changes in network topology, effective reaction to local environmental changes, and power management through system sleep/wake cycles. This paper discusses a case study for applying middleware and autonomous agent technologies from the Multi-agent Architecture for Coordinated Responsive Observations (MACRO) to these challenges in the SEAMONSTER sensor network.},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Otte et al - 2008 - NASA ESTC -- App of Middleware \& Agent Tech to Sensor Network.pdf},
	author = {Otte, William R and Kinnebrew, John S and Schmidt, Douglas C. and Biswas, Gautam and Suri, Dipa}
}
@conference {3962,
	title = {Efficient Simulation of Hybrid Systems: An Application to Electrical Power Distribution Systems},
	booktitle = {22nd European Conference on Modeling and Simulation},
	year = {2008},
	month = {06/2008},
	address = {Cyprus},
	author = {Roychoudhury, Indranil},
	editor = {Daigle, Matthew}
}
@conference {3963,
	title = {Efficient Simulation of Hybrid Systems: An Application to Electrical Power Distribution Systems},
	booktitle = {European Conference on Modeling and Simulation},
	year = {2008},
	month = {06/2008},
	address = {Nicosia, Cyprus},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/RoychoudhuryEtAl_ECMS2008_Track_BG_PaperID_117.pdf},
	author = {Roychoudhury, Indranil and Daigle, Matthew and Biswas, Gautam and Koutsoukos, Xenofon}
}
@conference {4519569,
	title = {Toward Effective Multi-Capacity Resource Allocation in Distributed Real-Time and Embedded Systems},
	booktitle = {11th IEEE International Symposium on Object-Oriented Real-Time Distributed Computing (ISORC)},
	year = {2008},
	month = {05/2008},
	pages = {124 -128},
	address = {Orlando, Florida},
	abstract = {Effective resource management for distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems is hard due to their unique characteristics, including (1) constraints in multiple resources and (2) highly fluctuating resource availability and input workload. DRE systems can benefit from a middleware framework that enables adaptive resource management algorithms to ensure application QoS requirements are met. This paper identifies key challenges in designing and extending resource allocation algorithms for DRE systems. We present an empirical study of bin-packing algorithms enhanced to meet these challenges. Our analysis identifies input application patterns that help generate appropriate heuristics for using these algorithms effectively in DRE systems.},
	keywords = {adaptive resource management, distributed real-time embedded systems, fluctuating resource availability, middleware, middleware framework, multicapacity resource allocation, of bin-packing algorithms, QoS, real-time systems, resource allocation},
	doi = {10.1109/ISORC.2008.72},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Roy et al - 2008 - ISORC -- Toward Effective Multi-capacity Resource Allocation in DRE Sys.pdf},
	author = {Nilabja Roy and Kinnebrew, John S and Shankaran, Nishanth and Biswas, Gautam and Schmidt, Douglas C.}
}
@article {4030,
	title = {A Comprehensive Diagnosis Methodology for Complex Hybrid Systems: A Case Study on Spacecraft Power Distribution Systems},
	year = {2008},
	abstract = {The application of model-based diagnosis schemes to real systems introduces many significant challenges, such as building accurate system models for heterogeneous systems with complex behaviors, dealing with noisy measurements and disturbances during system operation, and producing valuable results in a timely manner with limited information and computational resources. The Advanced Diagnostics and Prognostics Testbed (ADAPT), deployed at NASA Ames Research Center, is a representative spacecraft electrical power distribution system that embodies a number of these challenges for developing realistic diagnosis and prognosis algorithms. ADAPT contains a large number of interconnected components, along with a number of circuit breakers and relays that enable a number of different power distribution configurations. The system includes electrical dc and ac loads, mechanical subsystems, such as motors, and fluid systems, such as pumps. The system components are susceptible to different types of faults that include unexpected changes in parameter values, discrete faults in switching elements, and sensor faults. This paper presents Hybrid TRANSCEND, a comprehensive model-based diagnosis scheme to address these challenges. The scheme uses the hybrid bond graph modeling language to systematically develop computational models and algorithms for hybrid state estimation, robust fault detection, and efficient fault isolation. The computational methods are implemented as a suite of software tools that enables analysis and testing through simulation, diagnosability studies, and deployment on the experimental testbed. Simulation and experimental results demonstrate the effectiveness of this methodology in efficient diagnosis of heterogeneous components for an embedded system.},
	issn = {ISIS-08-908},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/adapt-diagnosis_0.pdf},
	author = {Daigle, Matthew and Roychoudhury, Indranil and Biswas, Gautam and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Patterson-Hine, Ann and Poll, Scott}
}
@conference {4287,
	title = {Integrating Task Allocation, Planning, Scheduling, and Adaptive Resource Management to Support Autonomy in a Global Sensor Web},
	booktitle = {The NASA Science Technology Conference (NSTC)},
	year = {2007},
	month = {06/2007},
	address = {College Park, Maryland},
	abstract = {NASA{\textquoteright}s Earth Science Vision calls for a global sensor web comprised of heterogeneous platforms with on-board information processing, capable of orchestrating real-time collaborative operations with other platforms and ground stations. Such a global sensor web will be a system of systems, including many distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems, such as multi-satellite formations. Individual systems of the sensor web must collect and analyze large quantities of data via sequences of heterogeneous data collection, manipulation, and coordination tasks to meet specified goals for earth science applications. In large DRE systems, such as those composing a global sensor web, the sheer number of available components often poses a combinatorial planning problem for identifying component sequences to achieve specified goals. Moreover, the dynamic nature of these systems requires runtime management and modification of deployed components.
We present the design of the Multi-agent Architecture for Coordinated Responsive Observations which includes two novel services contributing to the design and deployment of autonomous, predictable, and high performance DRE systems that operate in dynamic and uncertain environments: (i) the Spreading Activation Partial Order Planner (SA-POP) that performs decision-theoretic planning and scheduling using a spreading activation network to capture the probabilistic functional relationships between tasks (implemented as components) and goals; and (ii) the Resource Allocation and Control Engine (RACE), which is an open source adaptive resource management framework built atop standards-based QoS-enabled component middleware. We illustrate the effectiveness of our approach in the face of changing operational conditions, workloads, and resource availability, in the context of salient Earth science missions.},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Kinnebrew et al - 2007 - NSTC -- Integ Task Alloc, Plan, Sched, \& Resource Mgmt for Autonomy Global SensorWeb.pdf},
	author = {Kinnebrew, John S and Biswas, Gautam and Shankaran, Nishanth and Schmidt, Douglas C. and Suri, Dipa}
}
@conference {4144703,
	title = {A Decision-Theoretic Planner with Dynamic Component Reconfiguration for Distributed Real-Time Applications},
	booktitle = {The Eighth International Symposium on Autonomous Decentralized Systems (ISADS)},
	year = {2007},
	month = {03/2007},
	pages = {461 -472},
	publisher = {Sedona, Arizona},
	organization = {Sedona, Arizona},
	abstract = {Distributed real-time embedded (DRE) systems perform sequences of coordination and heterogeneous data manipulation tasks in dynamic environments to meet specified goals. Autonomous operation of DRE systems can benefit from the integrated operation of (1) a decision-theoretic spreading activation partial order planner (SA-POP) that combines task planning and scheduling in uncertain environments with (2) a resource allocation and control engine (RACE) middleware framework that integrates multiple resource management algorithms for (re)deploying and (re)configuring task sequence components in these systems. This paper demonstrates the effectiveness of SA-POP and RACE in managing and executing mission goals for a multi-satellite application. Our results show that combining planning, scheduling and resource constraints dynamically is the key to implementing autonomy in DRE systems},
	keywords = {data manipulation, decision theory, decision-theoretic planner, distributed real-time embedded systems, dynamic component reconfiguration, embedded systems, middleware, multisatellite application, planning, resource allocation, resource management, spreading activation partial order planner, task analysis, task planning, task scheduling},
	doi = {10.1109/ISADS.2007.1},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Kinnebrew et al - 2007 - ISADS -- Decision-Theoretic Planner w Dynamic Component Reconfig for Distrib RT Apps.pdf},
	author = {Kinnebrew, John S and Gupta, Ankit and Shankaran, Nishanth and Biswas, Gautam and Schmidt, Douglas C.}
}
@conference {4161600,
	title = {A Multi-Agent Architecture Provides Smart Sensing for the NASA Sensor Web},
	booktitle = {The 2007 IEEE Aerospace Conference},
	year = {2007},
	month = {03/2007},
	pages = {1 -9},
	address = {Big Sky, Montana},
	abstract = {Remote sensing missions for Earth Science contribute greatly to the understanding of the dynamics of our planet. Conventional approaches however, impede the scientific community{\textquoteright}s ability to (1) generate and refine models of complex phenomena, such as, extended weather forecasting, (2) detect and rapidly respond to critical transient events (e.g., disasters, such as hurricanes and floods). This paper describes a more effective approach based on intelligent, networked sensor webs that incorporate seamless dynamic connectivity between spacecraft, aircraft, and in situ terrestrial sensors, employs reactive and proactive strategies for improved temporal, spectral, and spatial coverage of the earth and its atmosphere, and uses enhanced dynamic decision-making for rapid responses to changing situations. MACRO, an extension of our earlier work on a multi-agent framework for heterogeneous spacecraft constellations, will provide interoperability and autonomy to achieve the needs for smart sensing in NASA{\textquoteright}s proposed sensor web. The system capability will be demonstrated via a simulated but salient disaster management scenario on an existing hardware testbed at the Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center.},
	keywords = {decision making, dynamic decision making, Earth science, geophysical techniques, intelligent sensors, interoperability, Lockheed Martin Advanced Technology Center, MACRO, multi-agent systems, multiagent architecture, NASA sensor Web, networked sensor webs, open systems, remote sensing, remote sensing missions, smart sensing, terrestrial sensors, weather forecasting},
	issn = {1095-323X},
	doi = {10.1109/AERO.2007.352770},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Suri et al - 2007 - IEEE Aerospace -- Multi-Agent Architecture for Smart Sensing in NASA Sensor Web.pdf},
	author = {Suri, Dipa and Howell, Adam and Schmidt, Douglas C. and Biswas, Gautam and Kinnebrew, John S and Otte, William R and Shankaran, Nishanth}
}
@article {3487,
	title = {Efficient Simulation of Component-Based Hybrid Models Represented as Hybrid Bond Graphs},
	year = {2006},
	month = {December},
	institution = {Institute for Software Integrated Systems},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Daigle_MJ_12_18_2006_Efficient_.pdf},
	author = {Daigle, Matthew and Roychoudhury, Indranil and Biswas, Gautam and Koutsoukos, Xenofon}
}
@conference {4290,
	title = {Onboard Processing using the Adaptive Network Architecture},
	booktitle = {The Sixth Annual NASA Earth Science Technology Conference},
	year = {2006},
	month = {06/2006},
	address = {College Park, Maryland},
	abstract = {Many future earth and space science missions will be composed of multiple spacecraft requiring autonomous capabilities for both opportunistic and coordinated science observations. The Adaptive Network Architecture (ANA) is a software framework composed of multiple, heterogeneous software agents designed for real-time operation of constellations or formations of spacecraft. The ANA is built
upon mature terrestrial standards and best practices for software development, including CORBA Component middleware designed for distributed real-time embedded systems. In this paper we present the further development of the ANA{\textquoteright}s Science Agent to include a hierarchical computational architecture for reconfigurable on-board science processing. The architecture allows for runtime reconfiguration and/or redeployment of software components across a set of processors based on the available computational resources and changes in operating mode. Application of the science data processing framework to the upcoming Magnetospheric Multi-Scale (MMS) mission is also discussed.},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Suri et al - 2006 - NASA ESTC -- Onboard Processing using the Adaptive Network Architecture.pdf},
	author = {Suri, Dipa and Howell, Adam and Shankaran, Nishanth and Kinnebrew, John S and Otte, William R and Schmidt, Douglas C. and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {3498,
	title = {Model-based Software Tools for Integrated Vehicle Health Management},
	booktitle = {The Second IEEE International Conference on Space Mission Challenges for Information Technology (SMC-IT)},
	year = {2006},
	address = {Pasadina, CA},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Karsai_G_0_0_2006_Model_base.pdf},
	author = {Karsai, Gabor and Biswas, Gautam and Abdelwahed, Sherif and Mahadevan, Nagabhushan and Manders, Eric J.}
}
@conference {3534,
	title = {Relative Measurement Orderings in Diagnosis of Distributed Physical Systems},
	booktitle = {43rd Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing},
	year = {2005},
	month = {September},
	pages = {1707--1716},
	address = {Monticello, IL},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Daigle_MJ_9_0_2005_Relative_M.pdf},
	author = {Daigle, Matthew and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@article {3522,
	title = {Learning by Teaching: A New Agent Paradigm for Educational Software},
	journal = {Applied Artificial Intelligence},
	volume = {19},
	year = {2005},
	month = {March},
	pages = {363--392},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Biswas__G_3_0_2005_Learning_b.pdf},
	author = {Biswas, Gautam and Schwartz, Daniel and Leelawong, Krittaya and Vye, Nancy}
}
@conference {3511,
	title = {A Consistency-based Robust Diagnosis Approach for Temporal Causal Systems},
	booktitle = {16th International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis (DX {\textquoteright}05)},
	year = {2005},
	month = {June},
	address = {Monterey, CA},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Abdelwahed_S_6_0_2005_A_Consiste.pdf},
	author = {Abdelwahed, Sherif and Karsai, Gabor and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {3516,
	title = {Designing Distributed Diagnosers for Complex Physical Systems},
	booktitle = {16th International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis},
	year = {2005},
	month = {June},
	pages = {31--36},
	address = {Monterey, CA},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Roychoudhu_I_6_0_2005_Designing_.pdf},
	author = {Roychoudhury, Indranil and Biswas, Gautam and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Abdelwahed, Sherif}
}
@conference {3512,
	title = {A Model-Integrated Computing Tool-suite for fault adaptive control},
	booktitle = {15th Intl Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis (DX {\textquoteright}04)},
	year = {2005},
	month = {June},
	address = {Carcassonne, France},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Manders_EJ_6_0_2005_A_Model_In_.pdf},
	author = {Manders, Eric J. and Biswas, Gautam and Ramirez, John W. and Mahadevan, Nagabhushan and Wu, Jian and Abdelwahed, Sherif}
}
@conference {3519,
	title = {Hierarchical Online Control Design for Autonomous Resource Management in Advanced Life Support Systems},
	booktitle = {35th SAE International Conference on Environmental Studies (ICES {\textquoteright}05)},
	year = {2005},
	month = {July},
	address = {Rome, Italy},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Abdelwahed_S_7_0_2005_Hierarchic.pdf},
	author = {Abdelwahed, Sherif and Wu, Jian and Biswas, Gautam and Manders, Eric J.}
}
@conference {3536,
	title = {Requirements for an Autonomous Control Architecture for Advanced Life Support System},
	booktitle = {35th SAE International Conference on Environmental Systems (ICES{\textquoteright}05)},
	year = {2005},
	month = {July},
	address = {Rome , Italy},
	author = {Biswas, Gautam and Bonasso, Pierre and Abdelwahed, Sherif}
}
@conference {3520,
	title = {Hybrid Control System Design and Implementation for a Three-tank Testbed},
	booktitle = {IEEE Conference on Control Application},
	year = {2005},
	month = {August},
	address = {Toronto, Canada},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Wu_J_8_0_2005_Hybrid_Con.pdf},
	author = {Wu, Jian and Biswas, Gautam and Abdelwahed, Sherif}
}
@conference {3538,
	title = {Robust State-based Supervisory Control of Discrete Event Systems},
	booktitle = {IEEE Conference on Control Application},
	year = {2005},
	month = {August},
	address = {Toronto, Canada},
	author = {Abdelwahed, Sherif and Karsai, Gabor and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@article {3529,
	title = {Online Fault Adaptive Control for Efficient Resource Management in Advanced Life Support Systems},
	journal = {Habitation - Intl. Journal for Human Support Research},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2005},
	pages = {105--115},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Abdelwahed_S_0_0_2005_Online_Fau.pdf},
	author = {Abdelwahed, Sherif and Wu, Jian and Biswas, Gautam and Ramirez, John W. and Manders, Eric J.}
}
@article {3521,
	title = {Introducing Embedded Software and Systems Education and Advanced Learning Technology in an Engineering Curriculum},
	journal = {ACM Transactions on Embedded Systems},
	year = {2005},
	author = {Sztipanovits, Janos and Biswas, Gautam and Frampton, Ken and Balasubramanian, Jaiganesh and Howard, Larry and Karsai, Gabor and Koo, T. John and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Schmidt, Douglas C.}
}
@conference {3602,
	title = {Toward Distributed Diagnosis of Complex Physical Systems},
	booktitle = {The Forty-Second Annual Allerton Conference on Communication, Control, and Computing},
	year = {2004},
	month = {September},
	address = {Champgain, IL},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Biswas_G_9_0_2004_Toward_Dis.pdf},
	author = {Biswas, Gautam and Abdelwahed, Sherif and Koutsoukos, Xenofon and Gandhe, Jyoti and Manders, Eric J.}
}
@article {3572,
	title = {Diagnosis of Complex Systems: Bridging the Gap between the FDI and DX communities},
	journal = {IEEE Trans. on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, Part B},
	volume = {34},
	year = {2004},
	month = {October},
	pages = {2139--2142},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Biswas__G_10_0_2004_Diagnosis_.pdf},
	author = {Biswas, Gautam and Cordier, Marie-Odile and Lunze, Jan and Trave-Massuyes, Louise and Staroswiecki, Marcel}
}
@conference {3563,
	title = {An improved algorithm for hybrid diagnosis of complex systems},
	booktitle = {DX-2004, 15th International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis},
	year = {2004},
	month = {June},
	address = {Carcassonne, France},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Gupta_S_6_0_2004_An_improve_0.doc},
	author = {Gupta, Sarita and Biswas, Gautam and Ramirez, John W.}
}
@conference {3597,
	title = {System Diagnosis using Hybrid Failure Propagation Graphs},
	booktitle = {The 15th International Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis},
	year = {2004},
	month = {June},
	address = {Carcassonne, France},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Abdelwahed_S_6_0_2004_System_Dia.pdf},
	author = {Abdelwahed, Sherif and Biswas, Gautam and Karsai, Gabor}
}
@conference {3586,
	title = {Online Hierarchical Fault-Adaptive Control for Advanced Life Support Systems},
	booktitle = {34th International Conference on Environmental Systems},
	year = {2004},
	month = {July},
	address = {Colorado Springs, CO},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Abdelwahed_S_7_0_2004_Online_Hie.pdf},
	author = {Abdelwahed, Sherif and Wu, Jian and Biswas, Gautam and Ramirez, John W. and Manders, Eric J.}
}
@conference {3588,
	title = {Online Hybrid Control for Optimal Resource Management in Advanced Life Support Systems.},
	booktitle = {Habitation, Conference on Space Habitation Research and Technology Development},
	year = {2004},
	note = {accepted},
	month = {January},
	address = {Orlando, FL},
	author = {Abdelwahed, Sherif and Wu, Jian and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {3579,
	title = {Fault adaptive control: towards robust operation of autonomous systems},
	booktitle = {Fourth International Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications},
	year = {2004},
	month = {August},
	address = {Budapest, Hungary},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Biswas_G_8_0_2004_Fault_adap.pdf},
	author = {Biswas, Gautam and Manders, Eric J. and Abdelwahed, Sherif and Karsai, Gabor}
}
@article {3585,
	title = {Online Model-based Diagnosis to support autonomous operation of an Advanced Life Support System},
	journal = {Habitation - Intl. Journal for human support Research},
	volume = {10},
	year = {2004},
	pages = {21--38},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Biswas__G_0_0_2004_Online_Mod.pdf},
	author = {Biswas, Gautam and Manders, Eric J. and Ramirez, John W. and Mahadevan, Nagabhushan and Abdelwahed, Sherif}
}
@conference {3624,
	title = {Discrete Abstraction and Supervisory Control of Switching Systems},
	booktitle = {IEEE Int. Conference on Systems, Man \& Cybernetics},
	year = {2003},
	month = {October},
	address = {Washington, DC.},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/ISIS_10_0_2003_Discrete_A.pdf},
	author = {Su, Rong and Abdelwahed, Sherif and Karsai, Gabor and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {3647,
	title = {Model-Based Fault-Adaptive Control of Complex Dynamic Systems},
	booktitle = {IMTC 2003},
	year = {2003},
	month = {May},
	address = {Vail, CO},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Simon_G_5_20_2003_Model_Base.pdf},
	author = {Simon, Gyula and Karsai, Gabor and Biswas, Gautam and Abdelwahed, Sherif and Mahadevan, Nagabhushan and Szemethy, Tivadar and Peceli, Gabor and Kovacshazy, Tamas}
}
@conference {3629,
	title = {FDI of abrupt faults with combined statistical detection and estimation and qualitative fault isolation},
	booktitle = {5th Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety for Technical Processes},
	year = {2003},
	month = {June},
	pages = {347--352},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Manders_EJ_6_0_2003_FDI_of_abr.pdf},
	author = {Manders, Eric J. and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@article {3632,
	title = {Hybrid Fault Adaptive Control of a Wheeled Mobile Robot},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Mechatronics},
	volume = {8},
	year = {2003},
	month = {June},
	pages = {226--233},
	author = {Ji, Meng and Zhang, Zhe and Biswas, Gautam and Sarkar, Nilanjan}
}
@conference {3653,
	title = {Robust Diagnosis of Switching Systems},
	booktitle = {5th IFAC Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety of Technical Processes},
	year = {2003},
	month = {June},
	address = {Washington, DC.},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Abdelwahed_S_6_0_2003_Robust_Dia.pdf},
	author = {Abdelwahed, Sherif and Karsai, Gabor and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {3608,
	title = {A robust method for hybrid diagnosis of complex systems},
	booktitle = {5th Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety for Technical Processes},
	year = {2003},
	month = {June},
	pages = {1125--1131},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Biswas__G_6_0_2003_A_robust_m.pdf},
	author = {Biswas, Gautam and Simon, Gyula and Mahadevan, Nagabhushan and Narasimhan, Sriram and Ramirez, John W. and Karsai, Gabor}
}
@conference {3656,
	title = {Self-Adaptive Software for Fault-Adaptive Control},
	booktitle = {Third Intl. Workshop on Self-Adaptive Software},
	year = {2003},
	month = {June},
	address = {Washington, D.C.},
	author = {Biswas, Gautam and Simon, Gyula and Karsai, Gabor and Abdelwahed, Sherif and Mahadevan, Nagabhushan and Szemethy, Tivadar and Ramirez, John W. and Peceli, Gabor and Kovacshazy, Tamas}
}
@article {3658,
	title = {System Diagnosis using Hybrid Failure Propagation Graphs},
	year = {2003},
	month = {December},
	institution = {Institute for Software Integrated Systems},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Abdelwahed_S_12_0_2003_System_Dia.pdf},
	author = {Abdelwahed, Sherif and Karsai, Gabor and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {3635,
	title = {Integrated Diagnosis and Control for Hybrid Dynamic Systems},
	booktitle = {AIAA Guidance, Navigation and Control Conference},
	year = {2003},
	month = {August},
	address = {Austin, TX},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Karsai_G_8_0_2003_Integrated.pdf},
	author = {Karsai, Gabor and Abdelwahed, Sherif and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {3640,
	title = {Model-based Diagnosis of Hybrid Systems},
	booktitle = {18th Intl. Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence},
	year = {2003},
	month = {August},
	pages = {376--381},
	address = {Acapulco, Mexico},
	author = {Narasimhan, Sriram and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@proceedings {4297,
	title = {Intelligent user interface design for teachable agent systems},
	journal = {Proceedings of the 8th International Conference on Intelligent User Interfaces},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {26-33},
	publisher = {ACM},
	address = {Miami, FL},
	author = {Davis, Joan and Leelawong, Krittaya and Belynne, K. and Bodenheimer, Bobby and Biswas, Gautam and Vye, Nancy and Bransford, John}
}
@proceedings {4296,
	title = {Teachable agents: Learning by teaching environments for science domains},
	journal = {Proceedings of the Fifteenth Annual Conference on Innovative Applications of Artificial Intelligence},
	year = {2003},
	month = {2003},
	pages = {109-116},
	publisher = {AAAI Press},
	address = {Menlo Park, CA},
	author = {Leelawong, Krittaya and Viswanath, K. and Davis, Joan and Biswas, Gautam and Vye, Nancy and Belynne K. and Bransford, John}
}
@inbook {3660,
	title = {Towards Fault-Adaptive Control of Complex Dynamic Systems},
	booktitle = {Software-Enabled Control},
	year = {2003},
	publisher = {IEEE Press},
	organization = {IEEE Press},
	author = {Karsai, Gabor and Biswas, Gautam and Abdelwahed, Sherif and Narasimhan, Sriram and Pasternak, Tal and Szemethy, Tivadar}
}
@conference {3678,
	title = {Hybrid Fault Adaptive Control of a Mobile Robot},
	booktitle = {ASME Intl. Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition},
	year = {2002},
	month = {November},
	address = {New Orleans, LA},
	author = {Ji, Meng and Zhang, Zhe and Biswas, Gautam and Sarkar, Nilanjan}
}
@conference {3679,
	title = {Hybrid Modeling and Diagnosis in the Real World: A Case Study},
	booktitle = {Intl. Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis},
	year = {2002},
	month = {May},
	address = {Simmering, Austria},
	author = {Narasimhan, Sriram and Biswas, Gautam and Karsai, Gabor and Szemethy, Tivadar and Bowman, Tim and Kay, M. and Keller, Kirby}
}
@article {3666,
	title = {An Approach to Model-Based Diagnosis of Hybrid Systems},
	journal = {Lecture Notes in Computer Science},
	volume = {2289},
	year = {2002},
	note = {C.J. Tomlin and M.R. Greenstreet, eds., Springer Verlag, Berlin},
	month = {March},
	pages = {308--322},
	author = {Narasimhan, Sriram and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@article {3663,
	title = {A Hybrid Modeling and Simulation Methodology for Dynamic Physical Systems},
	journal = {SIMULATION: Transactions of the Society for Modeling and Simulation International}, volume {78},
	year = {2002},
	month = {January},
	pages = {5--17},
	author = {Mosterman, Pieter and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {3684,
	title = {Online Safety Control of a Class of Hybrid Systems},
	booktitle = {IEEE 2002 Conference on Decision and Control},
	year = {2002},
	month = {December},
	pages = {1988--1990},
	address = {Las Vegas, USA},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Abdelwahed_S_12_0_2002_Online_Saf.pdf},
	author = {Abdelwahed, Sherif and Karsai, Gabor and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@proceedings {4295,
	title = {The effects of feedback in supporting learning by teaching in a teachable agent environment},
	journal = {Keeping Learning Complex: The Proceedings of the Fifth International Conference of the Learning Sciences},
	year = {2002},
	month = {2002},
	pages = {245-252},
	publisher = {Erlbaum},
	address = {Mahwah, NJ},
	author = {Leelawong, Krittaya and Davis, Joan and Vye, Nancy and Biswas, Gautam and Schwartz, Daniel and Belynne, T. and Katzlberger, Thomas and Bransford, John}
}
@article {3664,
	title = {An Approach for Fault Detection and Isolation in Dynamic Systems from Distributed Measurements},
	journal = {IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement},
	volume = {53},
	year = {2002},
	pages = {235--241},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Manders_EJ_0_0_2002_An_Approac.pdf},
	author = {Manders, Eric J. and Barford, Lee and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@article {3689,
	title = {Towards Fault-Adaptive Control of Complex Dynamic Systems},
	journal = {Software Enabled Control, (Book)},
	year = {2002},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Karsai_G_0_0_2002_Towards_Fa.pdf},
	author = {Karsai, Gabor and Biswas, Gautam and Abdelwahed, Sherif and Narasimhan, Sriram and Pasternak, Tal and Szemethy, Tivadar}
}
@conference {3726,
	title = {Transient Detection and Analysis for Diagnosis of Abrupt Faults in Continuous Dynamic Systems},
	booktitle = {IEEE International Workshop on Intelligent Signal Processing},
	year = {2001},
	month = {May},
	address = {Budapest, Hungary},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Manders_EJ_5_0_2001_Transient_.pdf},
	author = {Manders, Eric J. and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {3704,
	title = {Efficient diagnosis of hybrid system using model of the supervisory controller},
	booktitle = {12th Intl. Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis (Dx {\textquoteright}01)},
	year = {2001},
	month = {March},
	address = {via Lattea, Italy},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/ISIS_3_0_2001_Efficient_.pdf},
	author = {Narasimhan, Sriram and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {3708,
	title = {Fault-Adaptive Control: A CBS Application},
	booktitle = {ECBS-2001},
	year = {2001},
	month = {February},
	address = {Washington, DC},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Karsai_G_2_0_2001_Fault_Adap.pdf},
	author = {Karsai, Gabor and Biswas, Gautam and Pasternak, Tal and Narasimhan, Sriram and Peceli, Gabor and Simon, Gyula and Kovacshazy, Tamas}
}
@conference {3694,
	title = {An integrated approach to diagnosis of complex hybrid systems.},
	booktitle = {15th Annual Intl. Symposium on AeroSense (Component and Systems Diagnostics, Prognosis, and Health Management) (SPIE 2001)},
	year = {2001},
	month = {April},
	address = {Orlando, Florida},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/ISIS_4_0_2001_An_integra.pdf},
	author = {Narasimhan, Sriram and Biswas, Gautam and Karsai, Gabor}
}
@conference {4294,
	title = {Extending intelligent learning environments with teachable agents to enhance learning},
	booktitle = {Artificial Intelligence in Education},
	year = {2001},
	month = {2001},
	publisher = {IOS Press},
	organization = {IOS Press},
	address = {Amsterdam},
	author = {Biswas, Gautam and Katzlberger, Thomas and Bransford, John and Schwartz, Daniel}
}
@inbook {4293,
	title = {Technology support for complex problem solving: From SAD environments to AI},
	booktitle = {Smart Machines in Education},
	year = {2001},
	pages = {71-98},
	publisher = {AAAI Press},
	organization = {AAAI Press},
	chapter = {3},
	address = {Menlo Park, CA},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/sad01.pdf},
	author = {Biswas, Gautam and Schwartz, Daniel and Bransford, John}
}
@conference {3756,
	title = {Modeling and Instrumentation for Fault Detection and Isolation of a Cooling System},
	booktitle = {IEEE South East Conference},
	year = {2000},
	month = {March},
	pages = {365--372},
	address = {Nashville, TN},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/ISIS_3_0_2000_Modeling_a.pdf},
	author = {Feenstra, Pieter and Manders, Eric J. and Mosterman, Pieter and Biswas, Gautam and Barnett, Robert J}
}
@conference {3767,
	title = {Towards Procedures for Systematically Deriving Hybrid Models of Complex Systems},
	booktitle = {Hybrid Systems: Computation and Control - Third International Workshop (HSCC 2000), Volume 1790},
	year = {2000},
	month = {March},
	pages = {324--337},
	address = {Berlin, Germany},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/ISIS_3_0_2000_Towards_Pr.pdf},
	author = {Mosterman, Pieter and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {3730,
	title = {A Combined Qualitative/Quantitative Approach for Fault Isolation in Continuous Dynamic Systems},
	booktitle = {4th Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety for Technical Processes},
	year = {2000},
	month = {June},
	pages = {1074--1079},
	address = {Budapest, Hungary},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Manders_EJ_6_0_2000_A_Combined.pdf},
	author = {Manders, Eric J. and Narasimhan, Sriram and Biswas, Gautam and Mosterman, Pieter}
}
@conference {3742,
	title = {Fault Isolation in Hybrid Systems combining Model Based Diagnosis and Signal Processing},
	booktitle = {4th Symposium on Fault Detection, Supervision and Safety for Technical Processes},
	year = {2000},
	month = {June},
	pages = {1074--1079},
	address = {{Budapest, Hungary}, June, 2000."},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Narasimhan_S_6_0_2000_Fault_Isol.pdf},
	author = {Narasimhan, Sriram and Zhao, Feng and Biswas, Gautam and Hung, E.}
}
@conference {3731,
	title = {An Integrated Framework for Combining Global and Local Analysis in Diagnosing Hybrid Systems},
	booktitle = {Eleventh Intl. Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis},
	year = {2000},
	month = {June},
	pages = {163--170},
	address = {Morelia, Mexico},
	author = {Narasimhan, Sriram and Zhao, Feng and Biswas, Gautam and Hung, E.}
}
@conference {3762,
	title = {Qualitative Dynamic Behavior of Physical System Models With Algebraic Loops},
	booktitle = {Eleventh Intl. Workshop on Principles of Diagnosis},
	year = {2000},
	month = {June},
	pages = {155--162},
	address = {Morelia, Mexico},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/ISIS_6_0_2000_Qualitativ.pdf},
	author = {Mosterman, Pieter and Manders, Eric J. and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@conference {3734,
	title = {Building observers to address fault isolation and control problems in hybrid dynamic systems},
	booktitle = {IEEE SMC 2000},
	year = {2000},
	month = {July},
	address = {Nashville, TN},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Narasimhan_S_7_0_2000_Building_o.pdf},
	author = {Narasimhan, Sriram and Biswas, Gautam and Karsai, Gabor and Pasternak, Tal and Zhao, Feng}
}
@article {3729,
	title = {A Comprehensive Methodology for Building Hybrid Models of Physical Systems},
	journal = {Artifical Intelligence Journal},
	volume = {121},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {171--209},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/ISIS_0_0_2000_A_Comprehe.pdf},
	author = {Mosterman, Pieter and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@article {3752,
	title = {MDS: An Integrated Architecture for Associational and Model-based Diagnosis},
	journal = {Applied Intelligence, An International Journal},
	year = {2000},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/ISIS_0_0_2000_MDS__An_In_.pdf},
	author = {Yu, Xudong and Biswas, Gautam and Weinberg, Jerry}
}
@article {3728,
	title = {"Signal Interpretation for Monitoring and Diagnosis, A Cooling System Testbed"},
	journal = {IEEE Trans. on Instrumentation and Measurement},
	volume = {49},
	year = {2000},
	pages = {503--509},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/Manders_EJ_0_0_2000_Signal_Int.pdf},
	author = {Manders, Eric J. and Biswas, Gautam and Mosterman, Pieter and Barford, Lee and Barnett, Robert J}
}
@article {3928,
	title = {Diagnosis of Continuous Valued Systems in Transient Operating Regions},
	journal = {IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics},
	volume = {29},
	year = {1999},
	month = {November},
	pages = {554-565},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/ISIS_11_0_1999_Diagnosis_.pdf},
	author = {Mosterman, Pieter and Biswas, Gautam}
}
@article {4291,
	title = {Teachable agents: Combining insights from learning theory and computer science},
	journal = {Artificial Intelligence in Education},
	year = {1999},
	month = {1999},
	chapter = {21},
	attachments = {https://archive.isis.vanderbilt.edu/sites/default/files/aied99.pdf},
	author = {Brophy, S and Biswas, Gautam and Katzlberger, Thomas and Bransford, John and Schwartz, Dan}
}
